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      Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: a comprehensive systematic review of the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) performance and potential clinical applications

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          Abstract

          Background:

          The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) score is a novel standardized approach to image and report bladder cancer (BC) with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).

          Objectives:

          To describe and evaluate the performance of the VI-RADS score using mpMRI and assess its potential clinical applications and limitations.

          Methods:

          A systematic review was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic bibliographic databases between June 2020 and December 2020. All reports deemed relevant to describe the VI-RADS score and assess its performance and applications were retrieved. Results presentation stands as narrative, purely descriptive synthesis based on aggregate studies data.

          Results:

          A total of 20 relevant studies were retrieved: three meta-analyses, five prospective studies, and twelve retrospective studies. The retrospective studies covered 1676 patients, while the prospective studies included a total number of 468 patients. Pooled sensitivity, specificity to differentiate muscle-invasive from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, ranged from 74.1% to 97.3%, and 77% to 100%, respectively. The chosen VI-RADS score thresholds for this discrimination varied across studies. The interreader agreement ranged from 0.73 to 0.95. Currently, the potential clinical applications of VI-RADS consist of initial BC risk stratification, assessment of neoadjuvant therapies response, and bladder sparing approaches, although further validation is required.

          Conclusions:

          The VI-RADS score helps to discriminate muscle invasive from non-muscle invasive BC with good performance and reproducibility. A simple algorithm based on four basic questions may enhance its popularization. Further studies are required to validate the clinical applications.

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          Most cited references58

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement

          Systematic reviews should build on a protocol that describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review; few reviews report whether a protocol exists. Detailed, well-described protocols can facilitate the understanding and appraisal of the review methods, as well as the detection of modifications to methods and selective reporting in completed reviews. We describe the development of a reporting guideline, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). PRISMA-P consists of a 17-item checklist intended to facilitate the preparation and reporting of a robust protocol for the systematic review. Funders and those commissioning reviews might consider mandating the use of the checklist to facilitate the submission of relevant protocol information in funding applications. Similarly, peer reviewers and editors can use the guidance to gauge the completeness and transparency of a systematic review protocol submitted for publication in a journal or other medium.
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            Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

            Background Synthesis of multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions. Filtering of searches is time consuming, and no single method fulfills the principal requirements of speed with accuracy. Automation of systematic reviews is driven by a necessity to expedite the availability of current best evidence for policy and clinical decision-making. We developed Rayyan (http://rayyan.qcri.org), a free web and mobile app, that helps expedite the initial screening of abstracts and titles using a process of semi-automation while incorporating a high level of usability. For the beta testing phase, we used two published Cochrane reviews in which included studies had been selected manually. Their searches, with 1030 records and 273 records, were uploaded to Rayyan. Different features of Rayyan were tested using these two reviews. We also conducted a survey of Rayyan’s users and collected feedback through a built-in feature. Results Pilot testing of Rayyan focused on usability, accuracy against manual methods, and the added value of the prediction feature. The “taster” review (273 records) allowed a quick overview of Rayyan for early comments on usability. The second review (1030 records) required several iterations to identify the previously identified 11 trials. The “suggestions” and “hints,” based on the “prediction model,” appeared as testing progressed beyond five included studies. Post rollout user experiences and a reflexive response by the developers enabled real-time modifications and improvements. The survey respondents reported 40% average time savings when using Rayyan compared to others tools, with 34% of the respondents reporting more than 50% time savings. In addition, around 75% of the respondents mentioned that screening and labeling studies as well as collaborating on reviews to be the two most important features of Rayyan. As of November 2016, Rayyan users exceed 2000 from over 60 countries conducting hundreds of reviews totaling more than 1.6M citations. Feedback from users, obtained mostly through the app web site and a recent survey, has highlighted the ease in exploration of searches, the time saved, and simplicity in sharing and comparing include-exclude decisions. The strongest features of the app, identified and reported in user feedback, were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users. Conclusions Rayyan is responsive and intuitive in use with significant potential to lighten the load of reviewers.
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              PI-RADS Prostate Imaging - Reporting and Data System: 2015, Version 2.

              The Prostate Imaging - Reporting and Data System Version 2 (PI-RADS™ v2) is the product of an international collaboration of the American College of Radiology (ACR), European Society of Uroradiology (ESUR), and AdMetech Foundation. It is designed to promote global standardization and diminish variation in the acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) examination, and it is based on the best available evidence and expert consensus opinion. It establishes minimum acceptable technical parameters for prostate mpMRI, simplifies and standardizes terminology and content of reports, and provides assessment categories that summarize levels of suspicion or risk of clinically significant prostate cancer that can be used to assist selection of patients for biopsies and management. It is intended to be used in routine clinical practice and also to facilitate data collection and outcome monitoring for research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Ther Adv Urol
                Ther Adv Urol
                TAU
                sptau
                Therapeutic Advances in Urology
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                1756-2872
                1756-2880
                25 August 2021
                Jan-Dec 2021
                : 13
                : 17562872211039583
                Affiliations
                [1-17562872211039583]Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
                [2-17562872211039583]Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Radiology, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, Lille, France
                [3-17562872211039583]Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
                [4-17562872211039583]Department of Radiology, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, Lille, France
                [5-17562872211039583]Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
                [6-17562872211039583]Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
                [7-17562872211039583]Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
                [8-17562872211039583]Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
                [9-17562872211039583]Lille University, School of Medicine, Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, LILLE Cedex, France Researcher - PhD Candidate, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
                [10-17562872211039583]Lille University, School of Medicine, Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, LILLE Cedex, France
                [11-17562872211039583]Researcher - PhD Candidate, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-6456
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-1448
                Article
                10.1177_17562872211039583
                10.1177/17562872211039583
                8392809
                34457041
                92411620-2fb1-41b8-809b-58836cd69c45
                © The Author(s), 2021

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 24 February 2021
                : 28 July 2021
                Categories
                Management of Bladder Cancer: What is the evidence?
                Review
                Custom metadata
                January-December 2021
                ts1

                magnetic resonance imaging,multimodal therapy,multiparametric,neoadjuvant therapy,urinary bladder neoplasms,urinary bladder neoplasms/diagnosis,urinary bladder neoplasms/diagnostic imaging,staging

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