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      Opportunities for mesoscopics in thermometry and refrigeration: Physics and applications

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          Generalized Formula for the Electric Tunnel Effect between Similar Electrodes Separated by a Thin Insulating Film

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            Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors

            H. Nyquist (1928)
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              Thermoelectric cooling and power generation

              DiSalvo (1999)
              In a typical thermoelectric device, a junction is formed from two different conducting materials, one containing positive charge carriers (holes) and the other negative charge carriers (electrons). When an electric current is passed in the appropriate direction through the junction, both types of charge carriers move away from the junction and convey heat away, thus cooling the junction. Similarly, a heat source at the junction causes carriers to flow away from the junction, making an electrical generator. Such devices have the advantage of containing no moving parts, but low efficiencies have limited their use to specialty applications, such as cooling laser diodes. The principles of thermoelectric devices are reviewed and strategies for increasing the efficiency of novel materials are explored. Improved materials would not only help to cool advanced electronics but could also provide energy benefits in refrigeration and when using waste heat to generate electrical power.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                RMPHAT
                Reviews of Modern Physics
                Rev. Mod. Phys.
                American Physical Society (APS)
                0034-6861
                1539-0756
                March 2006
                March 17 2006
                : 78
                : 1
                : 217-274
                Article
                10.1103/RevModPhys.78.217
                9248ce5a-1c90-4b20-94ec-69e34aecd184
                © 2006

                http://link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license

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