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      Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

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          Abstract

          Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables assessment and quantification of morphological and functional parameters of the heart, including chamber size and function, diameters of the aorta and pulmonary arteries, flow and myocardial relaxation times. Knowledge of reference ranges (“normal values”) for quantitative CMR is crucial to interpretation of results and to distinguish normal from disease. Compared to the previous version of this review published in 2015, we present updated and expanded reference values for morphological and functional CMR parameters of the cardiovascular system based on the peer-reviewed literature and current CMR techniques. Further, databases and references for deep learning methods are included.

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          Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)

          Parametric mapping techniques provide a non-invasive tool for quantifying tissue alterations in myocardial disease in those eligible for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Parametric mapping with CMR now permits the routine spatial visualization and quantification of changes in myocardial composition based on changes in T1, T2, and T2*(star) relaxation times and extracellular volume (ECV). These changes include specific disease pathways related to mainly intracellular disturbances of the cardiomyocyte (e.g., iron overload, or glycosphingolipid accumulation in Anderson-Fabry disease); extracellular disturbances in the myocardial interstitium (e.g., myocardial fibrosis or cardiac amyloidosis from accumulation of collagen or amyloid proteins, respectively); or both (myocardial edema with increased intracellular and/or extracellular water). Parametric mapping promises improvements in patient care through advances in quantitative diagnostics, inter- and intra-patient comparability, and relatedly improvements in treatment. There is a multitude of technical approaches and potential applications. This document provides a summary of the existing evidence for the clinical value of parametric mapping in the heart as of mid 2017, and gives recommendations for practical use in different clinical scenarios for scientists, clinicians, and CMR manufacturers.
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            2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

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              Standardized image interpretation and post-processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance - 2020 update

              With mounting data on its accuracy and prognostic value, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic tool with growing utility in clinical routine. Given its versatility and wide range of quantitative parameters, however, agreement on specific standards for the interpretation and post-processing of CMR studies is required to ensure consistent quality and reproducibility of CMR reports. This document addresses this need by providing consensus recommendations developed by the Task Force for Post-Processing of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR). The aim of the Task Force is to recommend requirements and standards for image interpretation and post-processing enabling qualitative and quantitative evaluation of CMR images. Furthermore, pitfalls of CMR image analysis are discussed where appropriate. It is an update of the original recommendations published 2013.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                dbluemke@wisc.edu
                Journal
                J Cardiovasc Magn Reson
                J Cardiovasc Magn Reson
                Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
                BioMed Central (London )
                1097-6647
                1532-429X
                14 December 2020
                14 December 2020
                2020
                : 22
                : 87
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.452286.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0511 3514, Department of Radiology, , Kantonsspital Graubuenden, ; Loestrasse 170, 7000 Chur, Switzerland
                [2 ]Institute for Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 InselspitalBern, Switzerland
                [3 ]GRID grid.28803.31, ISNI 0000 0001 0701 8607, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, , University of Wisconsin, ; 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA
                [4 ]GRID grid.21107.35, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 9311, Department of Radiology, , Johns Hopkins University, ; 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
                [5 ]GRID grid.268922.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0427 2580, MRC Unit of Lifelong Health and Ageing At UCL, ; 5-19 Torrington Place, Fitzrovia, London, WC1E 7HB UK
                [6 ]GRID grid.437485.9, ISNI 0000 0001 0439 3380, Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions Clinic, , Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
                [7 ]GRID grid.471391.9, Department of Radiology, , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, ; 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 USA
                [8 ]GRID grid.62560.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 8294, Department of Radiology, , Brigham and Women’s Hospital, ; 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
                [9 ]GRID grid.412587.d, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9932, Cardiovascular Division, , University of Virginia Health System, ; 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
                [10 ]GRID grid.240341.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0396 0728, Department of Radiology, , National Jewish Health, ; 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA
                [11 ]GRID grid.412341.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 4330, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, , University Children’s Hospital Zurich, ; Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
                [12 ]GRID grid.10419.3d, ISNI 0000000089452978, Department of Radiology, , Leiden University Medical Center, ; Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-8086
                Article
                683
                10.1186/s12968-020-00683-3
                7734766
                33308262
                9252e6bc-65b1-4395-bdb1-496e4a04523a
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 9 January 2020
                : 26 October 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002, National Institutes of Health;
                Award ID: UL1TR002373
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                normal values,reference range,cardiac magnetic resonance
                Cardiovascular Medicine
                normal values, reference range, cardiac magnetic resonance

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