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      Adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico en unidades de críticos. Una revisión bibliográfica narrativa Translated title: Therapeutic effort adaptation in critical units

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          Abstract

          Resumen El propósito del presente estudio es una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada, sobre la Adecuación del Esfuerzo Terapéutico (AET) en las unidades de críticos, mediante el análisis de la literatura publicada que nos permita conocer las competencias actuales de la adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico, desde el punto de vista médico y de enfermería. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica donde se utiliza como principal recurso el PuntoQ, y las bases de datos: PubMeb, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SciELO, ScienceDirect - Revistas electrónicas (Elsevier), Free-e journals, EBSCOhost. De la estrategia de búsqueda se obtienen 602 artículos. Tras la lectura de los resúmenes se seleccionan 39 artículos que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión para llevar a cabo el presente estudio. Se analizan dichas publicaciones y se identifican tres áreas de interés para el estudio: la situación actual de la AET, el valor de la misma en el campo de la enfermería y los aspectos éticos y morales a la hora de tomar la decisión de AET. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de mejorar la implantación de guías de actuación al final de la vida, e identifican algunos factores asociados a este tipo de decisiones, tales como la edad, las zonas geográficas, la calidad de vida y las comorbilidades. Además, se constata la baja participación de las enfermeras en la toma de decisiones de AET, LET y LTSV.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The purpose of this study is a systematized bibliographical review, about the Therapeutic Effort Adaptation (TEA) in critical units, through the study of published literature allow us to know the current competencies of the adaptation of therapeutic effort, from the medical and nursing point of view. A bibliographic review is made where the main resource is the Puntoq, and the databases: Pubmeb, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scielo, Sciencedirect - Electronic journals (Elsevier), Free-e journals, Ebscohost. From the search strategy are got 602 articles. After reading the summaries, 39 articles are selected which ones live up with the inclusion perspectiv to carry out the current study. These publications are analyzed and three interesting areas are identified to be studied: the current situation of the TEA, the value of it in the area of nursing and the ethical and moral aspects when the decision has to be taken by the TEA. The results show the need to improve the implementation of end-of-life guidelines and identify some factors associated with such decisions, such as age, geographical areas, quality of life and co-morbidities. In addition, nurses' participation in the decision-making of TEA, LET and LSTV is low.

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          Most cited references61

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          Global variability in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.

          Prior studies identified high variability in prevalence of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in the ICU. Variability in end-of-life decision-making has been reported at many levels: between countries, ICUs, and individual intensivists. We performed a systematic review examining regional, national, inter-hospital, and inter-physician variability in withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in the ICU. Using a predefined search strategy, we queried three electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles addressing withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in adult patients in the ICU. Data were analyzed for variability in prevalence of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Withholding of life-sustaining treatment was also examined where information was provided. An assessment tool was developed to quantify the risk of bias in the included articles. We identified 1284 studies, with 56 included after review. Most studies had unclear or high risk of bias, primarily due to unclear case definitions or potential confounding. The mean prevalence of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment for patients who died varied from 0 to 84.1% between studies, with standard deviation of 23.7%. Sensitivity analysis of general ICU patients yielded similar results. Withholding also varied between 5.3 and 67.3% (mean 27.3, SD 18.5%). Substantial variability was found between world regions, countries, individual ICUs within a country, and individual intensivists within one ICU. We identified substantial variability in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment across world regions and countries. Similar variability existed between ICUs within countries and even between providers within the same ICU. Further study is necessary, and could lead to interventions to improve end-of-life care in the ICU.
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            End-of-life practices in 282 intensive care units: data from the SAPS 3 database.

            To report incidence and characteristics of decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapies (DFLSTs) in the 282 ICUs who contributed to the SAPS3 database. We reviewed data on DFLSTs in 14,488 patients. Independent predictors of DFLSTs have been identified by stepwise logistic regression. DFLSTs occurred in 1,239 (8.6%) patients [677 (54.6%) withholding and 562 (45.4%) withdrawal decisions]. Hospital mortality was 21% (3,050/14,488); 36.2% (1,105) deaths occurred after DFLSTs. Across the participating ICUs, hospital mortality in patients with DFLSTs ranged from 80.3 to 95.4% and time from admission to decisions ranged from 2 to 4 days. Independent predictors of decisions to forgo LSTs included 13 variables associated with increased incidence of DFLSTs and 7 variables associated with decrease incidence of DFLST. Among hospital and ICU-related variables, a higher number of nurses per bed was associated with increased incidence of DFLST, while availability of an emergency department in the same hospital, presence of a full time ICU-specialist and doctors presence during nights and week-ends were associated with a decreased incidence of DFLST. This large study identifies structural variables that are associated with substantial variations in the incidence and the characteristics of decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapies.
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              Withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining therapy in older adults (≥ 80 years) admitted to the intensive care unit

              To document and analyse the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment (LST) in a population of very old patients admitted to the ICU.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ene
                Ene
                Ene.
                Martín Rodríguez Álvaro (Santa Cruz de La Palma, La Palma, Spain )
                1988-348X
                2021
                : 15
                : 2
                : 1173
                Affiliations
                [2] Canarias orgnameUniversidad de la Laguna Spain
                [1] orgnameHospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria orgdiv1Servicio Canario de Salud
                Article
                S1988-348X2021000200009 S1988-348X(21)01500200009
                92584a12-0fd0-47a5-ba83-2246996bd8dc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2020
                : January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                Therapeutic effort,Cuidados Críticos,Esfuerzo terapéutico,Critical Care

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