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      Assistência à saúde dos homens: um desafio para os serviços de atenção primária Translated title: Assistance to the men health: a challenge for the services of primary attention

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          Abstract

          O texto discute como os serviços de atenção primária podem contribuir para uma prática saudável por parte da população masculina. Tal objetivo implica a discussão de estratégias que envolvem os homens como sujeitos confrontados com as diferentes dimensões da vida; os serviços na maneira como eles se organizam para atender os usuários considerando suas particularidades; e os vínculos estabelecidos entre os homens e os serviços e vice-versa. Como fundamentação teórica, prevalecem os conceitos de gênero e de necessidade em saúde. Esses conceitos são relacionados à experiência prática desenvolvida no Centro de Saúde Escola Samuel B. Pessoa, localizado no bairro do Butantã, na cidade de São Paulo.

          Translated abstract

          This article discusses how primary health care services may contribute towards men's acquisition of healthy lifes. This objective implies a discussion concerning health strategies focused on men as subjects and contemplating the multiple dimensions of their lives. The way in which health services are organized so as to attend users must be taken into consideration when developing these strategies. The bonds established between men and services and vice versa are also discussed. Gender and necessities of health are basic concepts utilized in the analysis of the practical experience in men's primary health care, undertaken at the Samuel B. Pessoa Health Care and Training Center, located within the Butanta neighborhood, in the city of Sao Paulo.

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          Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health.

          Men in the United States suffer more severe chronic conditions, have higher death rates for all 15 leading causes of death, and die nearly 7 yr younger than women. Health-related beliefs and behaviours are important contributors to these differences. Men in the United States are more likely than women to adopt beliefs and behaviours that increase their risks, and are less likely to engage in behaviours that are linked with health and longevity. In an attempt to explain these differences, this paper proposes a relational theory of men's health from a social constructionist and feminist perspective. It suggests that health-related beliefs and behaviours, like other social practices that women and men engage in, are a means for demonstrating femininities and masculinities. In examining constructions of masculinity and health within a relational context, this theory proposes that health behaviours are used in daily interactions in the social structuring of gender and power. It further proposes that the social practices that undermine men's health are often signifiers of masculinity and instruments that men use in the negotiation of social power and status. This paper explores how factors such as ethnicity, economic status, educational level, sexual orientation and social context influence the kind of masculinity that men construct and contribute to differential health risks among men in the United States. It also examines how masculinity and health are constructed in relation to femininities and to institutional structures, such as the health care system. Finally, it explores how social and institutional structures help to sustain and reproduce men's health risks and the social construction of men as the stronger sex.
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            Gênero: uma categoria útil para a análise histórica

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              Neural tube defects and sex ratios.

              M J Seller (1987)
              The sex ratio of 147 fetuses with presumed multifactorial neural tube defect (NTD) was studied. Overall, the ratio (males:females) was 0.73 with expected female excess. However, when the NTDs were subdivided according to the site of the lesion, the sex ratios varied. Total craniorachischisis, anencephaly with cervical spina bifida, holoacrania, and thoracic spina bifida showed a greater female excess than that overall; the sex ratio for meroacrania was close to unity, while that for low spinal lesions, particularly those involving the sacrum, showed an extreme bias towards males. These findings are related to the mode of formation of the neural tube. Females seem prone to defects of neurulation and males to defects in canalization. An explanation for these findings is suggested in possible sex differences in rate of early embryonic development.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro )
                1413-8123
                March 2005
                : 10
                : 1
                : 105-109
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232005000100017
                10.1590/S1413-81232005000100017
                92881423-00cf-43ac-bcdf-bc1cf4d478c5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Men's health,gender,Saúde dos homens,Necessidades de saúde,necessities in health,primary care,Gênero,Atenção primária

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