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      Suppressing Cyanobacteria with Hydrogen Peroxide Is More Effective at High Light Intensities

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          Abstract

          Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) can be used as an emergency method to selectively suppress cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and drinking water reservoirs. However, it is largely unknown how environmental parameters alter the effectiveness of H 2O 2 treatments. In this study, the toxic cyanobacterial strain Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was treated with a range of H 2O 2 concentrations (0 to 10 mg/L), while being exposed to different light intensities and light colors. H 2O 2 treatments caused a stronger decline of the photosynthetic yield in high light than in low light or in the dark, and also a stronger decline in orange than in blue light. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that H 2O 2 causes major damage at photosystem II (PSII) and interferes with PSII repair, which makes cells more sensitive to photoinhibition. Furthermore, H 2O 2 treatments caused a decrease in cell size and an increase in extracellular microcystin concentrations, indicative of leakage from disrupted cells. Our findings imply that even low H 2O 2 concentrations of 1–2 mg/L can be highly effective, if cyanobacteria are exposed to high light intensities. We therefore recommend performing lake treatments during sunny days, when a low H 2O 2 dosage is sufficient to suppress cyanobacteria, and may help to minimize impacts on non-target organisms.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Toxins (Basel)
                Toxins (Basel)
                toxins
                Toxins
                MDPI
                2072-6651
                31 December 2019
                January 2020
                : 12
                : 1
                : 18
                Affiliations
                Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; t.f.piel@ 123456uva.nl (T.P.); giovanni.sandrini@ 123456gmail.com (G.S.); ewhite14@ 123456msn.com (E.W.); xutianshuo2012@ 123456126.com (T.X.); J.M.Schuurmans@ 123456uva.nl (J.M.S.); J.Huisman@ 123456uva.nl (J.H.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: P.M.Visser@ 123456uva.nl ; Tel.: +31-20-5257073
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-3211
                Article
                toxins-12-00018
                10.3390/toxins12010018
                7020451
                31906135
                928a42ed-5c73-48e3-a575-0b508626bea7
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 21 October 2019
                : 20 December 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Molecular medicine
                hydrogen peroxide,microcystis aeruginosa,toxic cyanobacteria,microcystin,photosynthesis

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