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      Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y hábitos de vida: diferencias entre adolescentes migrantes y autóctonos * Translated title: Health-related quality of life and lifestyle habits: differences between migrant and native adolescents

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          Los flujos migratorios han provocado que la población migrante se convierta en un colectivo importante en la sociedad española, haciendo necesaria su integración tanto en el ámbito social como escolar. Con ese propósito, se analizaron las diferencias entre migrantes y autóctonos en una población de adolescentes de una región del norte de España desde una perspectiva integral de la salud, evaluando distintos indicadores tanto físicos como psicológicos y sociales.

          Métodos:

          Estudio trasversal aplicado a una muestra de 761 escolares, distribuidos en 618 autóctonos (14,49 ± 1,62 años) y 143 migrantes (14,55 ± 1,66 años). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional de los datos obtenidos de las variables de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, autoestima, satisfacción de la imagen corporal, horas de sueño nocturno, índice de masa corporal, consumo máximo de oxígeno, rendimiento académico y nivel socioeconómico.

          Resultados:

          El alumnado migrante presentó valores significativamente menores en el nivel socioeconómico (p<0,001), rendimiento académico (p<0,001), autoestima (p<0,05), nivel de actividad física (p<0,05), capacidad aeróbica (p<0,05), adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p<0,05) y satisfacción corporal (p<0,05). En relación a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (p<0,001), se reportaron diferencias a nivel global y en todas las dimensiones analizadas, excepto en la satisfacción con el entorno educativo. Además, exclusivamente en el caso de los migrantes, el nivel socioeconómico se asoció con el apoyo social (r=0,256), el rendimiento académico (r=0,261) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (r=0,166).

          Conclusiones:

          Los resultados obtenidos destacan el relevante papel que el contexto escolar ejerce como promotor de salud e integración en los alumnos migrantes. Se hace necesaria la implementación de estrategias que promuevan el acceso a la práctica física y a alimentos saludables con el objetivo de favorecer la mejora de la salud comunitaria y, en especial, de los grupos más vulnerables.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          The migratory flows have caused the migrant population to become an important collective of the Spanish social reality, being necessary to know their situation to favor their integration, both in the social and school environment. With this purpose, the differences between a population of migrant and native adolescents from a region of northern Spain were analyzed from an integral perspective of health, evaluating different indicators of physical, psychological and social health.

          Methods:

          Cross-sectional study was applied to a sample of 761 schoolchildren, distributed in 618 native (14.49 ± 1.62 years) and 143 migrants (14.55 ± 1.66 years). A descriptive, comparative and correlational analysis was performed of the data obtained from the variables of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, level of physical activity, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, body image satisfaction, hours of nighttime sleep, index body mass, maximum oxygen consumption, academic performance and socioeconomic status.

          Results:

          Migrant students presented significantly lower values in socioeconomic status (p<0.001), academic performance (p<0.001), self-esteem (p<0.05), level of physical activity (p<0.05), aerobic capacity (p<0.05), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p<0.05) and body satisfaction (p<0.05). Regarding the quality of life related to health, differences were reported in the global (p<0.001) and in all the dimensions analyzed except in satisfaction with the educational environment. In addition, exclusively in the case of migrants, the socioeconomic status was associated with social support (r=0.256), academic performance (r=0.261) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r=0.166).

          Conclusions:

          The results obtained highlight the relevant role that the school context plays as a health and integration promoter in migrant students. It is necessary to implement strategies that promote access to physical practice and healthy food with the objective of promoting the improvement of community health and, especially, of the most vulnerable groups.

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          Most cited references53

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          Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

          OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group.
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            Immigration as a social determinant of health.

            Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures, policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related phenomena-social determinants of health and immigration-has resulted in missed opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the populations affected by this global phenomenon.
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              The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness.

              A maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test was designed to determine the maximal aerobic power of schoolchildren, healthy adults attending fitness class and athletes performing in sports with frequent stops and starts (e.g. basketball, fencing and so on). Subjects run back and forth on a 20 m course and must touch the 20 m line; at the same time a sound signal is emitted from a prerecorded tape. Frequency of the sound signals is increased 0.5 km h-1 each minute from a starting speed of 8.5 km h-1. When the subject can no longer follow the pace, the last stage number announced is used to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (Y, ml kg-1 min-1) from the speed (X, km h-1) corresponding to that stage (speed = 8 + 0.5 stage no.) and age (A, year): Y = 31.025 + 3.238 X - 3.248A + 0.1536AX, r = 0.71 with 188 boys and girls aged 8-19 years. To obtain this regression, the test was performed individually. Right upon termination VO2 was measured with four 20 s samples and VO2max was estimated by retroextrapolating the O2 recovery curve at time zero of recovery. For adults, similar measurements indicated that the same equation could be used keeping age constant at 18 (r = 0.90, n = 77 men and women 18-50 years old). Test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.89 for children (139 boys and girls 6-16 years old) and 0.95 for adults (81 men and women, 20-45 years old).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                02 November 2020
                2020
                : 94
                : 202004023
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalDepartamento de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de La Rioja. Logroño. España. orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación Logroño, España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Raúl Jiménez Boraita. Avenida Fuenmayor, nº5, 1ºD, 26350 Cenicero, España. rauljbcity@ 123456gmail.com

                Los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de intereses

                Article
                e202004023
                11566633
                9293db37-8aea-45d0-b1d3-8a8944b4c75d

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 05 January 2020
                : 09 March 2020
                : 13 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 38
                Categories
                Originales

                migrantes,estilo de vida,calidad de vida,bienestar físico,bienestar psicológico,migrants,lifestyle,quality of life,physical well-being,psychological well-being

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