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      The relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome and patellofemoral morphology: a case–control study

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          Abstract

          Background

          The purpose of this prospective case–control study is to investigate the relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome (QFPS) and patellofemoral morphology.

          Materials and methods

          Twenty-two patients with QFPS and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included. The diagnosis of QFPS was supported both clinically and radiologically. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patellofemoral morphology was evaluated with 13 radiological measurements including trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear sulcus depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear condyle asymmetry, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar translation, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance, Insall–Salvati ratio, patellotrochlear index, patellar tilt, the ratio between lateral and medial facet lengths, interfacet angle, and quadriceps tendon thickness. The mean of measurements was compared between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.

          Results

          There were 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 30.81 ± 1.41 (range 19–38) years in group I and 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 31.13 ± 1.31 (range 19–39) years in group II. The mean age and the gender distribution were statistically similar between groups ( p = 0.845, p = 1, respectively). All measured values except for patellar tilt ( p = 0.038) and TT–TG distance ( p = 0.004) were similar ( p > 0.05 for the other variables). However, all of the measured variables were within the normal range.

          Conclusions

          QFPS may not be associated with anatomical variations of the patellofemoral joint. Further studies are required to understand the etiology and risk factors.

          Level of evidence

          Level III, prospective case–control study

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          Most cited references23

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          A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.

          Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a widely used reliability index in test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability analyses. This article introduces the basic concept of ICC in the content of reliability analysis.
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            Factors of patellar instability: An anatomic radiographic study

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              Patellar height on sagittal MR imaging of the knee.

              The aim of this study was to determine if the radiographic assessment of patella alta using the patellar tendon:patella ratio can be applied to sagittal MR images of the knee. Sagittal T1-weighted MR images of 46 knees were reviewed with corresponding radiographs. After lengths of the patella and patellar tendon were measured on the lateral radiographs and on the sagittal mid patellar images, the tendon:patella ratios were calculated. We found the mean tendon:patella ratio on radiographs to be 1.0 +/- 0.2 (SD) and on MR imaging, 1.1 +/- 0.1. These two values were not significantly different (p = .01) and had good-to-excellent correlation (r = .7). We found no statistical difference between the sexes on either radiographs or MR imaging, nor did we find statistical differences on MR imaging between the tendon:patella ratios of straight and wavy patellar tendons. As on radiographs, patellar height can be reliably assessed on sagittal MR imaging using the patellar tendon:patella ratio. On sagittal MR imaging, patella alta is suggested at values greater than 1.3 (1.1 + 2 SD).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                yavuz.yuksel@alanya.edu.tr
                tarkan.ergun@alanya.edu.tr
                drebrutorun@yahoo.com
                meliih.unal@gmail.com
                sonnow.lena@mh-hannover.de
                drozkankose@hotmial.com
                Journal
                J Orthop Traumatol
                J Orthop Traumatol
                Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                1590-9921
                1590-9999
                28 April 2021
                28 April 2021
                December 2021
                : 22
                : 17
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
                [2 ]Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yatagan State Hospital, Mugla, Turkey
                [3 ]GRID grid.10423.34, ISNI 0000 0000 9529 9877, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, , Hannover Medical School, ; Hannover, Germany
                [4 ]GRID grid.413819.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0471 9397, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, , Antalya Training and Research Hospital, ; Kazım Karabekir Cd., Soguksu, 70100 Muratpaşa, Turkey
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-4245
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-4145
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-5285
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-6408
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5006-7260
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-9635
                Article
                580
                10.1186/s10195-021-00580-0
                8081815
                33913049
                929892f8-2fd0-4f17-8f03-968f090af249
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 20 January 2021
                : 19 April 2021
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Orthopedics
                knee impingement syndromes,quadriceps fat pad
                Orthopedics
                knee impingement syndromes, quadriceps fat pad

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