Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index for dry eye disease

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Abstract

Objectives

The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire is widely used to evaluate subjective symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) as a primary diagnostic criterion. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the OSDI (J-OSDI) and assess its reliability and validity.

Design and setting

Hospital-based cross-sectional observational study.

Participants

A total of 209 patients recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology at Juntendo University Hospital.

Methods

We translated and culturally adapted the OSDI into Japanese. The J-OSDI was then assessed for internal consistency, reliability and validity. We also evaluated the optimal cut-off value to suspect DED using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis.

Primary outcome measures

Internal consistency, test–retest reliability and discriminant validity of the J-OSDI as well as the optimal cut-off value to suspect DED.

Results

Of the participants, 152 had DED and 57 did not. The J-OSDI total score showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.884), test–retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient=0.910) and discriminant validity by known-group comparisons (non-DED, 19.4±16.0; DED, 37.7±22.2; p<0.001). Factor validity was used to confirm three subscales within the J-OSDI according to the original version of the questionnaire. Concurrent validity was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis, and the J-OSDI total score showed a strong positive correlation with the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (γ=0.829). The optimal cut-off value of the J-OSDI total score was 36.3 (AUC=0.744).

Conclusions

The J-OSDI was developed and validated in terms of reliability and validity as an effective tool for DED assessment and monitoring in the Japanese population.

Related collections

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The aim of this study was to estimate both the direct and indirect annual cost of managing dry eye disease (DED) in the United States from a societal and a payer's perspective. A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the annual cost for managing a cohort of patients with dry eye with differing severity of symptoms and treatment. The direct costs included ocular lubricants, cyclosporine, punctal plugs, physician visits, and nutritional supplements. The indirect costs were measured as the productivity loss because of absenteeism and presenteeism. The model was populated with data that were obtained from surveys that were completed by dry eye sufferers who were recruited from online databases. Sensitivity analyses were employed to evaluate the impact of changes in parameters on the estimation of costs. All costs were converted to 2008 US dollars. Survey data were collected from 2171 respondents with DED. Our analysis indicated that the average annual cost of managing a patient with dry eye at $783 (variation, $757-$809) from the payers' perspective. When adjusted to the prevalence of DED nationwide, the overall burden of DED for the US healthcare system would be $3.84 billion. From a societal perspective, the average cost of managing DED was estimated to be $11,302 per patient and $55.4 billion to the US society overall. DED poses a substantial economic burden on the payer and on the society. These findings may provide valuable information for health plans or employers regarding budget estimation.

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All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open

Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen

Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen

Title: BMJ Open

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055

Publication date Collection: 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 25 November 2019

Volume: 9

Issue: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: e033940

Affiliations

[1 ] departmentDepartment of Hospital Administration , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

[2 ] departmentDepartment of Ophthalmology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

[3 ] departmentDepartment of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

[4 ] departmentDepartment of Medical Technology Center , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

[5 ] departmentPrecision Health, Department of Bioengineering , Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

[6 ] departmentDepartment of Health Services Research , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

[7 ] departmentDepartment of Ophthalmology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

[8 ] departmentSchool of Cultural and Creative Studies , Aoyama Gakuin University , Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Dr Takenori Inomata; tinoma@ 123456juntendo.ac.jp

Author information

Takenori Inomata http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3435-1055

Article

Publisher ID: bmjopen-2019-033940

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033940

PMC ID: 6886996

PubMed ID: 31772113

SO-VID: 929904bb-3ad8-422b-9d87-bf6c935cbe70

License:

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

History

Date received : 29 August 2019

Date revision received : 10 October 2019

Date accepted : 01 November 2019

Custom metadata

special-feature unlocked

ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: dry eye disease,ocular surface disease index,osdi,reliability,validity

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