9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Optimismo disposicional y estrés: claves para promover el bienestar psicológico Translated title: Dispositional optimism and stress: keys to promoting psychological well-being

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen Numerosos estudios señalan que los factores psicológicos afectan de forma importante al funcionamiento fisiológico del organismo. El optimismo disposicional considerado un rasgo unidimensional de personalidad, se relaciona con las expectativas de éxito futuro según la Self-Regulatory Behavior Theory. En diversos estudios, el optimismo se propone como factor modulador de la respuesta de estrés tanto crónico como agudo ya que altos niveles en la dimensión se asocian con bajos niveles de estrés percibido y cortisol. Además, el optimismo parece ser una variable clave en la regulación del ritmo circadiano del eje Hipotálamo-Hipófiso-Adrenal (HHA). Esta influencia se ha estudiado con datos de cortisol en pelo, la respuesta matutina de cortisol y el nivel de cortisol a lo largo del día, encontrando resultados inconsistentes hasta el momento. En el presente trabajo se analiza la relación entre el optimismo y la respuesta de estrés acorde al eje HHA que ha mostrado ser relevante en la promoción del bienestar físico y psicológico. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la incorporación del optimismo disposicional en los programas de intervención psicológica como estrategia para promover el bienestar psicológico y prevenir la enfermedad en la población dada su relación con el desarrollo de alteraciones físicas y psicológicas como resultado de estados disfuncionales de estrés.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Numerous studies indicate that psychological factors significantly affect the physiological functioning of the body. Dispositional optimism, considered a one-dimensional personality trait, is related to expectations of future success according to self-regulatory behavior theory. In various studies, optimism is proposed as a modulating factor of both the chronic and acute stress response, since high levels in optimism have been associated with low levels of perceived stress and cortisol. Furthermore, optimism appears to be a key variable in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This influence has been studied with data on hair cortisol, the awakening cortisol response, and the cortisol level throughout the day, with inconsistent results being found so far. In the present work, the relationship between optimism and the stress response according to the HPA axis is analyzed, which has been shown to be relevant in promoting physical and psychological well-being. Likewise, the incorporation of dispositional optimism in psychological intervention programs is considered as a strategy to promote psychological well-being and prevent disease in the population, given its relationship with the development of physical and psychological alterations as a result of dysfunctional states of stress.

          Related collections

          Most cited references86

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

          Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain.

            The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral responses which can be either adaptive or damaging. Stress involves two-way communication between the brain and the cardiovascular, immune, and other systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms. Beyond the "flight-or-fight" response to acute stress, there are events in daily life that produce a type of chronic stress and lead over time to wear and tear on the body ("allostatic load"). Yet, hormones associated with stress protect the body in the short-run and promote adaptation ("allostasis"). The brain is a target of stress, and the hippocampus was the first brain region, besides the hypothalamus, to be recognized as a target of glucocorticoids. Stress and stress hormones produce both adaptive and maladaptive effects on this brain region throughout the life course. Early life events influence life-long patterns of emotionality and stress responsiveness and alter the rate of brain and body aging. The hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex undergo stress-induced structural remodeling, which alters behavioral and physiological responses. As an adjunct to pharmaceutical therapy, social and behavioral interventions such as regular physical activity and social support reduce the chronic stress burden and benefit brain and body health and resilience.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Endocrinology of the stress response.

              The stress response is subserved by the stress system, which is located both in the central nervous system and the periphery. The principal effectors of the stress system include corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH); arginine vasopressin; the proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, the glucocorticoids; and the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine. Appropriate responsiveness of the stress system to stressors is a crucial prerequisite for a sense of well-being, adequate performance of tasks, and positive social interactions. By contrast, inappropriate responsiveness of the stress system may impair growth and development and may account for a number of endocrine, metabolic, autoimmune, and psychiatric disorders. The development and severity of these conditions primarily depend on the genetic vulnerability of the individual, the exposure to adverse environmental factors, and the timing of the stressful events, given that prenatal life, infancy, childhood, and adolescence are critical periods characterized by increased vulnerability to stressors.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                August 2021
                : 42
                : 2
                : 135-142
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                [5] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                [6] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                [7] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                [3] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal) España
                Article
                S0214-78232021000200005 S0214-7823(21)04200200005
                10.23923/pap.psicol2021.2953
                929ffffc-8099-4190-8399-0c57504f528f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 December 2020
                : 24 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 86, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                Stress,HPA axis,Optimism,Salud,Bienestar,Estrés,Eje HHA,Optimismo,Health,Well-being

                Comments

                Comment on this article