Are the effects of work-related extended availability the same for everyone?

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Work-related extended availability (WREA) describes a state of being available for work matters while physically being in a different life domain. There is ample evidence for the negative effects of WREA, but moderator effects of personal attributes have largely been neglected. The current study examined the impact of neuroticism and segmentation preferences on the relationship between WREA and psychological detachment, sleep problems, and emotional exhaustion. We assumed that WREA would be associated with all three criterion constructs and that these relationships would be moderated by neuroticism and segmentation preferences. These hypotheses were tested with multiple regression and moderated hierarchical regression analysis in a sample of 276 employees. While there was a significant association between WREA and detachment, WREA did not directly predict sleep problems or exhaustion. However, we found an indirect effect of WREA on sleep problems via detachment. Neuroticism and segmentation preferences moderated the association between WREA and exhaustion. While the association between WREA and detachment was robust, WREA predicted emotional exhaustion only for people high in neuroticism or with high segmentation preferences. We suggest that employees who prefer segmenting work and private life should be taken seriously and not be contacted in their leisure time.

Translated abstract

RESUMEN La disponibilidad laboral prolongada (DLP) se refiere a estar disponible para trabajar durante el tiempo libre. Si bien se conocen los efectos negativos de la DLP, se han descuidado los atributos personales como moderadores. Examinamos el impacto del neuroticismo y las preferencias de segmentación sobre la relación entre la DLP y la desconexión, los problemas del sueño y el agotamiento emocional. Asumimos que la DLP estaría asociada con los tres constructos criterio y que estas relaciones estarían moderadas por el neuroticismo y las preferencias de segmentación. Pusimos a prueba las hipótesis con análisis de regresión múltiple y análisis de regresión jerárquica moderada en una muestra de 276 empleados. Si bien encontramos una asociación entre la DLP y la desconexión psicológica, la DLP no predijo directamente los problemas de sueño o de agotamiento aunque si encontramos un efecto indirecto de la DLP en los problemas de sueño a través del distanciamiento. Las preferencias de segmentación y neuroticismo moderaron la relación entre la DLP y el agotamiento. Si bien la asociación entre la DLP y la desconexión era robusta, la DLP predijo el agotamiento solo en personas con neuroticismo elevado o con preferencias de segmentación elevadas. Sugerimos que se tome en serio a los empleados que prefieran segmentar el trabajo y la vida privada y no ponerse en contacto con ellos en su tiempo libre.

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Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation.

Andrew Hayes, Nicholas J Rockwood (2017)

There have been numerous treatments in the clinical research literature about various design, analysis, and interpretation considerations when testing hypotheses about mechanisms and contingencies of effects, popularly known as mediation and moderation analysis. In this paper we address the practice of mediation and moderation analysis using linear regression in the pages of Behaviour Research and Therapy and offer some observations and recommendations, debunk some popular myths, describe some new advances, and provide an example of mediation, moderation, and their integration as conditional process analysis using the PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. Our goal is to nudge clinical researchers away from historically significant but increasingly old school approaches toward modifications, revisions, and extensions that characterize more modern thinking about the analysis of the mechanisms and contingencies of effects.

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Relations between personality and coping: a meta-analysis.

Jennifer K Connor-Smith, Celeste Flachsbart (2007)

Personality may directly facilitate or constrain coping, but relations of personality to coping have been inconsistent across studies, suggesting a need for greater attention to methods and samples. This meta-analysis tested moderators of relations between Big Five personality traits and coping using 2,653 effect sizes drawn from 165 samples and 33,094 participants. Personality was weakly related to broad coping (e.g., Engagement or Disengagement), but all 5 traits predicted specific strategies. Extraversion and Conscientiousness predicted more problem-solving and cognitive restructuring, Neuroticism less. Neuroticism predicted problematic strategies like wishful thinking, withdrawal, and emotion-focused coping but, like Extraversion, also predicted support seeking. Personality more strongly predicted coping in young samples, stressed samples, and samples reporting dispositional rather than situation-specific coping. Daily versus retrospective coping reports and self-selected versus researcher-selected stressors also moderated relations between personality and coping. Cross-cultural differences were present, and ethnically diverse samples showed more protective effects of personality. Richer understanding of the role of personality in the coping process requires assessment of personality facets and specific coping strategies, use of laboratory and daily report studies, and multivariate analyses. (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.