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      Acceso a la atención sanitaria mediante seguros de salud comunitarios entre migrantes de Senegal Translated title: Healthcare access through community-based health insurance among Senegalese migrants

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los determinantes en la financiación del acceso a la atención médica y el papel de una clase particular de financiación informal propia, denminada tontina, para el acceso a la atención médica en la población de migrantes de origen senegalés. Método Los datos fueron recogidos mediante técnicas cualitativas, entrevistas semiestructuradas (n=14) y grupo de discusión (n=10) en una población de migrantes senegaleses residentes en Granada, entre octubre y noviembre de 2019. Los participantes clave provenían de una tontina. Resultados La falta de trabajo o de recursos económicos, así como la condición de migrante indocumentado, constituyen barreras para la adhesión a los seguros de salud públicos y privados. Asimismo, los participantes consideran que la asistencia sanitaria pública no tiene en cuenta la importancia que puede tener para ellos seguir un tratamiento cerca de sus familiares o tener la alternativa de las medicinas tradicionales. La tontina permite proteger a las personas más vulnerables, como las indocumentadas, y financiar las prácticas de importancia cultural para las personas migrantes senegalesas. Conclusiones Este estudio es el primero en proporcionar una comprensión de un mecanismo de financiación propio de un colectivo de migrantes bastante desconocido por la sociedad española. Las tontinas continúan una larga tradición en la que las comunidades desfavorecidas y vulnerables resisten múltiples fuentes de discriminación y desigualdad mediante la autoayuda, la confianza y la solidaridad.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To evaluate the determinants of healthcare access financing and the role of a particular class of informal financing known as tontine, a community-based health insurance among Senegalese immigrants. Method Data were retrieved through qualitative techniques, semi-structured interviews (n=14) and discussion group (n=10) in a population of Senegalese migrants residing in Granada between October and November 2019. Key participants were from a tontine. Results The lack of work or economic resources, as well as the condition of undocumented immigrant constitute barriers to adherence to public and private health insurance. Participants consider that public health care does not take into account the importance of following treatment close to their relatives in their country of origin or having the alternative of traditional medicines. The tontine helps to protect the most vulnerable people such as undocumented immigrants and allows financing services of cultural importance. Conclusions This study was the first to provide an understanding of a financing mechanism typical of an immigrant community quite unknown to Spanish society. Tontines continue a long tradition whereby disadvantaged and vulnerable communities resist multiple sources of discrimination and inequality by self-help, trust and solidarity.

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          Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: a review.

          Ethnic minority patients seem to be confronted with barriers when using health services. Yet, care providers are often oblivious to these barriers, although they may share to some extent the burden of responsibility for them. In order to enlighten care providers, as to the potential pitfalls that may exist, there is a need to explore the different factors in the creation of the barriers. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an overview of the potential barriers and the factors, which may restrict ethnic minority patients from using health services, according to the literature available. Articles published from 1990 to 2003 were identified by searching electronic databases and selected through titles and abstracts. The articles were included if deemed to be relevant to study health services use by ethnic minorities, i.e. the different factors in the creation of a barrier. There were 54 articles reviewed. They reported on studies carried out in different countries and among different ethnic minorities. Potential barriers occurred at three different levels: patient level, provider level and system level. The barriers at patient level were related to the patient characteristics: demographic variables, social structure variables, health beliefs and attitudes, personal enabling resources, community enabling resources, perceived illness and personal health practices. The barriers at provider level were related to the provider characteristics: skills and attitudes. The barriers at system level were related to the system characteristics: the organisation of the health care system. This review has the goal of raising awareness about the myriad of potential barriers, so that the problem of barriers to health care for different ethnic minorities becomes transparent. In conclusion, there are many different potential barriers of which some are tied to ethnic minorities. The barriers are all tied to the particular situation of the individual patient and subject to constant adjustment. In other words, generalizations should not be made.
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            A metasynthesis of qualitative studies regarding opinions and perceptions about barriers and determinants of health services’ accessibility in economic migrants

            Background Access to health services is an important health determinant. New research in health equity is required, especially amongst economic migrants from developing countries. Studies conducted on the use of health services by migrant populations highlight existing gaps in understanding which factors affect access to these services from a qualitative perspective. We aim to describe the views of the migrants regarding barriers and determinants of access to health services in the international literature (1997–2011). Methods A systematic review was conducted for Qualitative research papers (English/Spanish) published in 13 electronic databases. A selection of articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria and a quality evaluation of the studies were carried out. The findings of the selected studies were synthesised by means of metasynthesis using different analysis categories according to Andersen’s conceptual framework of access and use of health services and by incorporating other emergent categories. Results We located 3,025 titles, 36 studies achieved the inclusion criteria. After quality evaluation, 28 articles were definitively synthesised. 12 studies (46.2%) were carried out in the U.S and 11 studies (42.3%) dealt with primary care services. The participating population varied depending mainly on type of host country. Barriers were described, such as the lack of communication between health services providers and migrants, due to idiomatic difficulties and cultural differences. Other barriers were linked to the economic system, the health service characteristics and the legislation in each country. This situation has consequences for the lack of health control by migrants and their social vulnerability. Conclusions Economic migrants faced individual and structural barriers to the health services in host countries, especially those with undocumented situation and those experimented idiomatic difficulties. Strategies to improve the structures of health systems and social policies are needed.
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              Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                October 2022
                : 36
                : 5
                : 409-415
                Affiliations
                [1] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales orgdiv2Departamento de Economía Aplicada Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112022000500002 S0213-9111(22)03600500002
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.11.007
                930d84d8-c38d-41b5-aa3b-e7baa610e139

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 September 2021
                : 24 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Community-based health insurance,Health services accessibility,Salud pública,Poblaciones vulnerables,Inmigrantes indocumentados,Accesibilidad a los servicios de salud,Seguros de salud comunitarios,Public health,Vulnerable populations,Undocumented immigrants

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