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      Environmental impact of exhaust emissions by Arctic shipping

      research-article
      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Ambio
      Publisher: Springer Netherlands
      Keywords: Air pollution, Arctic shipping, Climate change, Environment, NSR

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          Abstract

          Since 2005, a dramatic decline of the Arctic sea-ice extent is observed which results in an increase of shipping activities. Even though this provides commercial and social development opportunities, the resulting environmental impacts need to be investigated and monitored. In order to understand the impact of shipping in arctic areas, the method described in this paper determines the travel time, fuel consumption and resulting exhaust emissions of ships navigating in arctic waters. The investigated case studies are considering ship particulars as well as environmental conditions with special focus on ice scenarios. Travel time, fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission were investigated for three different vessels, using different passages of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in different seasons of years 1960, 2000 and 2040. The presented results show the sensitivity of vessel performance and amount of exhaust emissions to optimize arctic traffic with respect to efficiency, safety and environmental impact.

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          An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design

          Karl E. Taylor, Ronald J Stouffer, Gerald Meehl (2012)
          The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) will produce a state-of-the- art multimodel dataset designed to advance our knowledge of climate variability and climate change. Researchers worldwide are analyzing the model output and will produce results likely to underlie the forthcoming Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Unprecedented in scale and attracting interest from all major climate modeling groups, CMIP5 includes “long term” simulations of twentieth-century climate and projections for the twenty-first century and beyond. Conventional atmosphere–ocean global climate models and Earth system models of intermediate complexity are for the first time being joined by more recently developed Earth system models under an experiment design that allows both types of models to be compared to observations on an equal footing. Besides the longterm experiments, CMIP5 calls for an entirely new suite of “near term” simulations focusing on recent decades and the future to year 2035. These “decadal predictions” are initialized based on observations and will be used to explore the predictability of climate and to assess the forecast system's predictive skill. The CMIP5 experiment design also allows for participation of stand-alone atmospheric models and includes a variety of idealized experiments that will improve understanding of the range of model responses found in the more complex and realistic simulations. An exceptionally comprehensive set of model output is being collected and made freely available to researchers through an integrated but distributed data archive. For researchers unfamiliar with climate models, the limitations of the models and experiment design are described.
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            Arctic sea-ice evolution as modeled by Max Planck Institute for Meteorology's Earth system model

            Dirk Notz, F Alexander Haumann, Helmuth Haak … (2013)
            Article 0 comments Cited 52 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050

              V. Eyring (2005)
              Article 0 comments Cited 40 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Christian Schröder: schroeder@hsva.de
                Bio :
                Christian Schröder

                , M.Sc, works as a Project Manager at The Hamburg Ship Model Basin. His major interests are lines development of ice-breaking ships as well as ice model tests. Furthermore, the environmental impact of Arctic shipping is one of his great concerns.

                Nils Reimer: reimer@hsva.de
                Bio :
                Nils Reimer

                holds a diploma degree in Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering. He has been working for HSVA’s Arctic Technology department since 2010. His main involvement is in model testing of ice-breaking ships and Arctic offshore structures. Besides he has worked on Arctic traffic simulation and ice routing.

                Peter Jochmann: jochmann@hsva.de
                Bio :
                Peter Jochmann

                holds a diploma degree in Applied Physics. He started his involvement in sea ice research at HSVA’s Arctic Technology Department in 1977 as a Project Engineer with emphasis to instrumentation and data acquisition and became Head of Department in 2009. Beside his involvement in model testing of ice-breaking ships and Arctic offshore structures, he joined and lead full scale trials and ice force determination projects.

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ambio
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ambio
                Title: Ambio
                Publisher: Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                ISSN (Print): 0044-7447
                ISSN (Electronic): 1654-7209
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 October 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 24 October 2017
                Publication date (Print): December 2017
                Volume: 46
                Issue: Suppl 3
                Pages: 400-409
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.28121.38, Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt GmbH, The Hamburg Ship Model Basin, ; Bramfelder Straße 164, 22305 Hamburg, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 956
                DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0956-0
                PMC ID: 5673872
                PubMed ID: 29067640
                SO-VID: 93337257-0a4a-476d-832f-0bfb2d461ed6
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2017

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology
                Keywords: air pollution,arctic shipping,climate change,environment,nsr
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology
                Keywords: air pollution, arctic shipping, climate change, environment, nsr

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