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      Development and implementation of the Clinical Tooth Shade Differentiation Course – an evaluation over 3 years Translated title: Entwicklung und Implementierung der Lehrveranstaltung klinische Zahnfarbdifferenzierung – eine Evaluation über 3 Jahre

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          Abstract

          Objective: Tooth shade differentiation concerns the identification and classification of tooth shades. The objective of this project was to implement the Clinical Tooth Shade Differentiation Course in the preclinical stage of studies and to evaluate the students' perspective over a period of 3 years.

          Methodology: The course is planned for a duration of 10 weeks with two 45-minute sessions per semester week. The entire attendance time was 10:15 h. 2 lectures of 90 minutes each, 2 seminars of 60 min each and 2 teaching units with the phantom head and role playing took place. In addition to the various parameters of tooth shade, changes in tooth shade and the basics of dental esthetics, clinical procedures for manual and digital tooth shade determination were explained and practiced. 96% (69 of 72) of the students participated in the first evaluation in 2012/2013 (T 1), and 68% of these were women. In the following year, 2013/2014 (T 2), 92% (45 of 48 students) took part; 62% of these were women and 38% men. The 2014/2015 evaluation (T 3) comprised 94% (45 of 48 students). Of these, 67% were women.

          Results: In the evaluation, the students gave the course a positive grade. The questions in "General/Organization" were given a mean (M) of 1.5 (SD=0.7) in T 1 and T 2 , and 1.2 (SD=0.3) in T 3. The "Overall Assessment" yielded M T1=1.6 (SD=0.6), M T2=1.5 (SD=0.5) and M T3=1.1 (SD=0.3). In T 1 and T 2, the item "The instructor actively involved the students in the course" was given a mean of 2.1 (SD=0.9), and in T 3 a mean of 1.2 (SD=0.5).

          Conclusions: The course presented here conceptually shows how practical dental skills can be taught in a theoretical and clinical context. Educational objectives from the role of a dental expert were taken from the national competence-based catalog of educational objectives for dentistry and can also be supplemented. The objectives can be transferred to other dental faculties.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung: Die Zahnfarbdifferenzierung beschäftigt sich mit dem Erkennen und Einordnen von Zahnfarben. Das Ziel war es, die Lehrveranstaltung klinische Zahnfarbdifferenzierung in den vorklinischen Studienabschnitt zu implementieren und die Sicht der Studierenden über einen Zeitraum von 3 Jahren zu evaluieren.

          Methodik: Die Lehrveranstaltung ist in einem Umfang über 10 Wochen mit zweimal 45 Minuten pro Semesterwoche angelegt. Die Gesamtpräsenszeit umfasste 10:15h. Es fanden 2 Vorlesungen à 90 min, 2 Seminare à 60 min und 2 Unterrichtseinheiten am Phantomkopf und im Rollenspiel statt. Neben den verschiedenen Parametern der Zahnfarbe sowie den Veränderungen der Zahnfarbe und den Grundlagen der zahnbezogenen Ästhetik, wurde die klinisch praktische Vorgehensweise in der manuellen und digitalen Zahnfarbbestimmung erläutert und trainiert. An der ersten Evaluation 2012/2013 (T 1) nahmen 96% (69 von 72) der Studierenden teil, davon waren 68% weiblich. Im darauffolgenden Jahr 2013/2014 (T 2) nahmen 92% (45 von 48 Studierenden) teil, davon waren 62% weiblich und 38% männlich. Die Evaluation 2014/2015 (T 3) schloss 94% (45 von 48 Studierenden) ein. Davon 67% weiblichen Geschlechts.

          Ergebnisse: Die Evaluierung der Studierenden zeigte eine positive Benotung dieser Lehrveranstaltung. Die Fragen zu „Allgemeines /Organisation“ wurde zu T 1 und T 2 im Mittelwert (M) mit der Schulnote 1,5 (SD=0,7) bewertet und zum Zeitpunkt T 3 mit 1,2 (SD=0,3). Die „Gesamtbewertung“ ergab zu M T1=1,6 (SD=0,6), zu M T2=1,5 (SD=0,5) und zu M T3=1,1 (SD=0,3). Zu T 1 und T 2 wurde das Item „Der Dozent bezog die Studierenden aktiv in die Lehrveranstaltung ein“ noch mittelwertig mit 2,1 (SD=0,9) benotet, zu T 3 im Mittel mit der Note 1,2 (SD=0,5).

          Schlussfolgerungen: Die hier vorgestellte Lehrveranstaltung zeigt konzeptionell wie die zahnärztlichen praktischen Fertigkeiten zum theoretischen und klinischen Kontext vermittelt werden können. Aus dem nationalen kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Zahnmedizin wurden Lernziele aus der Rolle des Zahnmedizinischen Experten bereits übernommen bzw. können weiter ergänzt werden. Eine Übertragbarkeit auf andere zahnmedizinische Fakultäten ist dadurch gegeben.

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          Effects of Peyton's four-step approach on objective performance measures in technical skills training: a controlled trial.

          Although skills-lab training is widely used for training undergraduates in technical procedures, the way in which clinical skills are to be used and instructed remains a matter of debate. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the learning outcome of two different instructional approaches in the context of acquiring procedural-technical skills. Volunteer 2nd- and 3rd-year medical students were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving instruction according to Peyton's Four-Step Approach (IG; n = 17) or to a control group receiving standard instruction (CG; n = 17). Both groups were taught gastric-tube insertion using a manikin. Following each of the two forms of instruction, participants' first independent gastric-tube insertions were video recorded and scored by two independent video assessors using binary checklists and global rating forms. The time required for each instructional approach and for the first independent performance of the skill was measured. A total of 34 students agreed to participate in the trial. There were no statistically significant group differences with regard to age, sex, completed education in a medical profession, or completed medical clerkships. The groups did not differ in terms of correct stepwise performance of the procedure as assessed by a binary checklist (p < .802). However, ratings based on global rating scales assessing professionalism and accompanying patient-doctor communication proved significantly better in IG (both ps < .001). The length of the different instructional approaches did not differ significantly between the two groups (IG: 605 ± 65 s; CG: 572 ± 79 s; p < .122), but the time needed for the first independent performance of gastric-tube placement on the manikin was significantly shorter in IG (IG: 168 ± 30 s; CG: 242 ± 53 s; p < .001). Peyton's Four-Step Approach is superior to standard instruction with respect to professionalism and accompanying doctor-patient communication and leads to faster performance when trainees perform the learned skill for the first time.
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            Student Feedback [1]

            Lee Harvey (2003)
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              Does gender and experience influence shade matching quality?

              To evaluate the influence of gender and level of experience on shade matching quality.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 February 2016
                2016
                : 33
                : 1
                : Doc2
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Leipzig, Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, Germany
                [2 ]University of Leipzig, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Constanze Olms, University of Leipzig, Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, Liebigstraße 12, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany, E-mail: constanze.olms@ 123456medizin.uni-leipzig.de
                Article
                zma001001 Doc2 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0010017
                10.3205/zma001001
                4766937
                26958650
                93340ab0-4ecf-4ac6-95fc-d9e82d0a7335
                Copyright © 2016 Olms et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

                History
                : 16 April 2015
                : 12 November 2015
                : 02 November 2015
                Categories
                Article

                dental education,evaluation report,tooth shade differentiation,toothguide training box

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