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      Impacto de la vigilancia sanitaria del clembuterol en Guerrero, México: Resultados de 2011 a 2015 Translated title: Impact of health monitoring of clenbuterol in Guerrero, Mexico: Results from 2011 to 2015

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          Abstract

          Resumen: El empleo del clembuterol en la producción de ganado implica riesgos a la salud humana que deben ser evaluados y atendidos por las autoridades agropecuarias y sanitarias. En este trabajo se evaluaron los resultados del programa de vigilancia sanitaria de dicho compuesto en productos cárnicos de bovinos que se comercializan en Guerrero, México. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo del periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2015, sobre la evolución de su uso ilegal y el registro de intoxicaciones alimentarias por clembuterol. Los porcentajes de muestras positivas disminuyeron gradualmente hasta quedar en 2015 en 6.8 % y, en general, fueron más bajos en comparación con los antecedentes inmediatos; sin embargo, siempre fueron superiores a los porcentajes promedio del resto del país (Guerrero= 9.5 %, Nacional= 5.8 %). Las jurisdicciones sanitarias con mayor presencia del fármaco fueron Tierra Caliente y Norte, con 12.1 y 16.8 %, respectivamente, así como en lugares con una población grande como Acapulco (9.6 %). Se reportaron pocos casos de intoxicaciones humanas en los tres primeros años (2011= 3, 2012= 5 y 2013= 4) y ninguno en los dos posteriores; sin embargo, hay un sub-registro que puede deberse a diversos factores tanto individuales, regionales e institucionales que se discuten más adelante. El avance observado en este programa ha sido significativo; sin embargo, debe fortalecerse la vigilancia sanitaria con la finalidad de erradicar esta actividad ilegal en el corto plazo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The use of clenbuterol in livestock production entails risks to human health that must be characterized and managed by the agricultural and health authorities. This work evaluated the results of the health surveillance program of this compound in bovine meat products that are commercialized in Guerrero, Mexico. A retrospective analysis of the evolution of the illegal use of clenbuterol and of the record of food poisoning with this chemical was carried out for the 2011-2015 period. The rate of positive samples decreased gradually to be 6.8 % in 2015 and, in general, was lower in comparison with the immediate antecedents; however, it was always higher than the average rates obtained in the rest of the country (Guerrero= 9.5 %, National= 5.8 %). The health jurisdictions with the greatest presence of the drug were Tierra Caliente and the North, with 12.1 and 16.8 %, respectively, as well as in locations with a large population like Acapulco (9.6 %). Few cases of human poisoning were reported in the first three years of the period (3 in 2011, 5 in 2012, and 4 in 2013) and none in the two subsequent years; however, there is an under-registration issue, which may be due to different individual, regional and institutional factors that are discussed further below. The progress observed in this program should be maintained by strengthening health surveillance with the aim to eradicate this illegal activity in the short term.

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          Most cited references18

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          Clinical and pharmacological profile in a clenbuterol epidemic poisoning of contaminated beef meat in Italy.

          Long-acting beta adrenergic agonists, such as clenbuterol accumulate in the liver, but not meat of treated farm animals, and result in epidemic poisonings in consumers. We describe an outbreak of poisoning in 15 people, following the consumption of meat. Clinical symptoms (distal tremors, palpitations, headache, tachipnoea-dyspnoea, and also moderate hyperglycaemia, hypokalemia and leucocytosis) were seen in nine hospitalised patients, starting about 0.5-3 h after poisoning, and disappearing within 3-5 days later. Clenbuterol was found in the urine of all the symptomatic patients, at higher levels than pharmacokinetic computing (mean level 28 ng/ml, 36 h after ingestion), based on the levels found in the meat (1140-1480 ng/g edible tissue). Thus, epidemic poisoning can be produced following the consumption of contaminated meat. The need for a better definition of pharmaco- and toxico-kinetics, not only for drugs ingested as parent drug, but also when ingested as residues with animal tissues, is recommended.
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            Clenbuterol toxicity: a NSW Poisons Information Centre experience

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              Clenbuterol Ingestion Causing Prolonged Tachycardia, Hypokalemia, and Hypophosphatemia with Confirmation by Quantitative Levels

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmcp
                Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias
                Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico )
                2007-1124
                2448-6698
                March 2019
                : 10
                : 1
                : 186-198
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California México
                [2] Guerrero orgnameSecretaría de Salud de Guerrero orgdiv1Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública “Dr. Galo Soberón y Parra” México
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Mexico
                Article
                S2007-11242019000100186
                10.22319/rmcp.v10i1.4350
                9343424e-5086-4d02-810a-203cf2b2cb50

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 January 2017
                : 29 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Notas de investigación

                Food poisoning,Health surveillance,Clembuterol,Intoxicación alimentaria,Vigilancia sanitaria,Clenbuterol

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