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      Exploration of the Yield Potential of Mesoamerican Wild Common Beans From Contrasting Eco-Geographic Regions by Nested Recombinant Inbred Populations

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          Abstract

          Genetic analyses and utilization of wild genetic variation for crop improvement in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been hampered by yield evaluation difficulties, identification of advantageous variation, and linkage drag. The lack of adaptation to cultivation conditions and the existence of highly structured populations make association mapping of diversity panels not optimal. Joint linkage mapping of nested populations avoids the later constraint, while populations crossed with a common domesticated parent allow the evaluation of wild variation within a more adapted background. Three domesticated by wild backcrossed-inbred-line populations (BC 1S 4) were developed using three wild accessions representing the full range of rainfall of the Mesoamerican wild bean distribution crossed to the elite drought tolerant domesticated parent SEA 5. These populations were evaluated under field conditions in three environments, two fully irrigated trials in two seasons and a simulated terminal drought in the second season. The goal was to test if these populations responded differently to drought stress and contained progenies with higher yield than SEA 5, not only under drought but also under water-watered conditions. Results revealed that the two populations derived from wild parents of the lower rainfall regions produced lines with higher yield compared to the domesticated parent in the three environments, i.e., both in the drought-stressed environment and in the well-watered treatments. Several progeny lines produced yields, which on average over the three environments were 20% higher than the SEA 5 yield. Twenty QTLs for yield were identified in 13 unique regions on eight of the 11 chromosomes of common bean. Five of these regions showed at least one wild allele that increased yield over the domesticated parent. The variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 0.6 to 5.4% of the total variation and the additive effects ranged from −164 to 277 kg ha –1, with evidence suggesting allelic series for some QTLs. Our results underscore the potential of wild variation, especially from drought-stressed regions, for bean crop improvement as well the identification of regions for efficient marker-assisted introgression.

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              Improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield.

              Increasing the yield potential of the major food grain crops has contributed very significantly to a rising food supply over the past 50 years, which has until recently more than kept pace with rising global demand. Whereas improved photosynthetic efficiency has played only a minor role in the remarkable increases in productivity achieved in the last half century, further increases in yield potential will rely in large part on improved photosynthesis. Here we examine inefficiencies in photosynthetic energy transduction in crops from light interception to carbohydrate synthesis, and how classical breeding, systems biology, and synthetic biology are providing new opportunities to develop more productive germplasm. Near-term opportunities include improving the display of leaves in crop canopies to avoid light saturation of individual leaves and further investigation of a photorespiratory bypass that has already improved the productivity of model species. Longer-term opportunities include engineering into plants carboxylases that are better adapted to current and forthcoming CO(2) concentrations, and the use of modeling to guide molecular optimization of resource investment among the components of the photosynthetic apparatus, to maximize carbon gain without increasing crop inputs. Collectively, these changes have the potential to more than double the yield potential of our major crops.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                03 April 2020
                2020
                : 11
                : 346
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, United States
                [2] 2Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo , Piracicaba, Brazil
                Author notes

                Edited by: Petr Smı kal, Palackı University, Czechia

                Reviewed by: Kirstin E. Bett, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Juan M. Osorno, North Dakota State University, United States

                *Correspondence: Paul Gepts, plgepts@ 123456ucdavis.edu

                ORCID: Jorge Carlos Berny Mier y Teran, orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-9131, Enéas R. Konzen, orcid.org/0000-0001-5176-7410, Paul Gepts, orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-4665

                Present address: Enéas R. Konzen, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Litoral Norte, Imbeì, Brazil

                This article was submitted to Plant Breeding, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2020.00346
                7145959
                32308660
                9358ec45-be11-48bf-8218-f06f67dfe7ab
                Copyright © 2020 Berny Mier y Teran, Konzen, Palkovic, Tsai and Gepts.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 31 October 2019
                : 09 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 131, Pages: 18, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute of Food and Agriculture 10.13039/100005825
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                common bean,crop wild relative,eco-geographic adaptation,nested backcrossed inbred populations,quantitative trait loci,yield

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