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      Do hedonic- versus nutrition-based attitudes toward food predict food choices? a cross-sectional study of 6- to 11-year-olds

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          Abstract

          Background

          Implicit and explicit attitudes are potential precursors of food choices and combine affective and cognitive components that can vary in their relative dominance. Yet, the affective and cognitive components of attitudes toward food can lead to distinct predisposition toward a food item and potentially to different food choices. In the food domain, the affective component pertains to the hedonic tone of consumption, while the cognitive component encompasses nutritional value or health consequences of food. The present study investigated whether hedonic- versus nutrition-based implicit and/or explicit attitudes toward food predicts children’s healthy versus unhealthy food choices.

          Methods

          A total of 63 children (age range = 6.3–11.5) participated in a 90-min session at 5 pm (i.e., afterschool snack time in France). The children were asked to choose five food items from a buffet featuring five healthy and five unhealthy sweet foods pretested as being highly liked. Children ate what they had chosen. Moreover, their implicit attitudes were assessed with a pairing task in which children were presented with 10 food triplets and asked to choose two food items that “best go together”. For each triplet, foods could be paired according to their hedonic or nutritional characteristics. Explicit attitudes were assessed with a task in which children placed each of 48 food items into one of the following categories: “yummy”, “yucky” (i.e., hedonic categories), “makes you strong”, or “makes you fat” (i.e., nutritional categories).

          Results

          Both implicit and explicit attitudes significantly influenced children’s food choices. We observed that children with more hedonic-based implicit or explicit attitudes toward food were more likely to choose healthy food options from the buffet. Conversely, children with both implicit and explicit nutrition-based attitudes chose less healthy foods.

          Conclusions

          Hedonic-based attitudes toward food seem to drive healthier food choices in children compared with nutrition-based attitudes in this particular eating context. These findings suggest that pleasure from eating might be an ally with regard to healthy eating among children. Additional research is needed to understand the etiology of children’s attitudes toward food in order to provide insights on how to shape adequate children’s attitudes to guide them toward healthy food choices.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-017-0618-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references35

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          Implicit measures in social cognition. research: their meaning and use.

          Behavioral scientists have long sought measures of important psychological constructs that avoid response biases and other problems associated with direct reports. Recently, a large number of such indirect, or "implicit," measures have emerged. We review research that has utilized these measures across several domains, including attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, and discuss their predictive validity, their interrelations, and the mechanisms presumably underlying their operation. Special attention is devoted to various priming measures and the Implicit Association Test, largely due to their prevalence in the literature. We also attempt to clarify several unresolved theoretical and empirical issues concerning implicit measures, including the nature of the underlying constructs they purport to measure, the conditions under which they are most likely to relate to explicit measures, the kinds of behavior each measure is likely to predict, their sensitivity to context, and the construct's potential for change.
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            A model of dual attitudes.

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              On making the right choice: the deliberation-without-attention effect.

              Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is not always advantageous to engage in thorough conscious deliberation before choosing. On the basis of recent insights into the characteristics of conscious and unconscious thought, we tested the hypothesis that simple choices (such as between different towels or different sets of oven mitts) indeed produce better results after conscious thought, but that choices in complex matters (such as between different houses or different cars) should be left to unconscious thought. Named the "deliberation-without-attention" hypothesis, it was confirmed in four studies on consumer choice, both in the laboratory as well as among actual shoppers, that purchases of complex products were viewed more favorably when decisions had been made in the absence of attentive deliberation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lucile.marty@inra.fr
                maud.miguet@gmail.com
                marie.bournez@inra.fr
                sophie.nicklaus@inra.fr
                stephanie.chambaron-ginhac@inra.fr
                sandrine.monnery-patris@inra.fr
                Journal
                Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act
                Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act
                The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
                BioMed Central (London )
                1479-5868
                25 November 2017
                25 November 2017
                2017
                : 14
                : 162
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0387 2525, GRID grid.462804.c, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ; F-21000 Dijon, France
                [2 ]GRID grid.31151.37, University Hospital of Dijon, Pediatric Unit, ; Dijon, France
                [3 ]Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation CSGA INRA, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
                Article
                618
                10.1186/s12966-017-0618-4
                5702150
                29178916
                935a5f94-b7c6-4664-8386-0689dca5782b
                © The Author(s). 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 10 July 2017
                : 16 November 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Agence Nationale de la Recherche;
                Award ID: ANR-15-CE21-0014
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Conseil Régional Bourgogne, Franche-Comté
                Funded by: FEDER (European Funding for Regional Economic Development)
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006488, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique;
                Funded by: Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté
                Award ID: PARI grant
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                attitudes,food choices,children,nutrition,hedonic
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                attitudes, food choices, children, nutrition, hedonic

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