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      Dispositivos supraglóticos con acceso gástrico en colecistectomía laparoscópica Translated title: Supraglottic Devices with Gastric Access in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El abordaje de la vía aérea del paciente bajo cirugía laparoscópica representa múltiples retos para el anestesiólogo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de tres dispositivos supraglóticos con acceso gástrico en el abordaje de la vía aérea de pacientes bajo colecistectomía laparoscópica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo, longitudinal en el Hospital Universitario “General Calixto García”, entre el 2017 y 2019. Se constituyeron tres grupos de 40 pacientes, según dispositivo: máscara laríngea proseal, máscara laríngea supreme y máscara I-gel. Se estudió: tiempo de inserción, número de intentos para colocación, facilidad de inserción de la sonda nasogástrica, presión y suficiencia de sellado orofaríngeo, presión pico con neumoperitoneo y complicaciones. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y las cuantitativas con medias y desviación estándar. Para la asociación entre variables cualitativas, se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, y el análisis de varianza para la asociación entre cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se consideró significativo valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: La máscara laríngea supreme se insertó con éxito al primer intento en la mayoría de los pacientes (p = 0,004). La I-gel registró el menor tiempo de inserción (10,05 ± 1,75 seg) y la Supreme mayor facilidad para la sonda nasogástrica (p < 0,001). La mayor presión de sellado fue con la máscara laríngea proseal (30,87 ± 2,60 cmH2O). Las complicaciones fueron pocas y similares con cada uno. Conclusiones: La utilización de dispositivos supraglóticos con acceso gástrico demostró seguridad y efectividad en pacientes intervenidos por colecistectomía laparoscópica.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Airway management in the patient undergoing laparoscopic surgery presents multiple challenges for the anesthesiologist. Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of three supraglottic devices with gastric access in the airway management in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A quasiexperimental, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out, between 2017 and 2019, at General Calixto García University Hospital. Three groups of forty patients were made up, according to the usage of each device: ProSeal laryngeal mask, Supreme laryngeal mask, and I-gel mask. The following variables were studied: insertion time, number of placement attempts, ease of insertion of nasogastric tube, pressure and sufficiency of oropharyngeal sealing, peak pressure with pneumoperitoneum, and complications. Qualitative variables were analyzed with absolute and relative frequencies; and quantitative variables, with means and standard deviation. For the association between qualitative variables, the chi-square test was used, while variance analysis was used for the association between quantitative and qualitative variables. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The Supreme laryngeal mask was successfully inserted on the first attempt in most patients (P=0.004). The I-gel mask had the shortest insertion time (10.05±1.75 seconds), while the Supreme was the easiest for the nasogastric tube (P<0.001). The highest sealing pressure was obtained with the ProSeal laryngeal mask (30.87±2.60 cmH2O). The complications were few and similar with each device. Conclusions: The use of supraglottic devices with gastric access showed safety and effectiveness in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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          Most cited references33

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          Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: anaesthesia.

          This project was devised to estimate the incidence of major complications of airway management during anaesthesia in the UK and to study these events. Reports of major airway management complications during anaesthesia (death, brain damage, emergency surgical airway, unanticipated intensive care unit admission) were collected from all National Health Service hospitals for 1 yr. An expert panel assessed inclusion criteria, outcome, and airway management. A matched concurrent census estimated a denominator of 2.9 million general anaesthetics annually. Of 184 reports meeting inclusion criteria, 133 related to general anaesthesia: 46 events per million general anaesthetics [95% confidence interval (CI) 38-54] or one per 22,000 (95% CI 1 per 26-18,000). Anaesthesia events led to 16 deaths and three episodes of persistent brain damage: a mortality rate of 5.6 per million general anaesthetics (95% CI 2.8-8.3): one per 180,000 (95% CI 1 per 352-120,000). These estimates assume that all such cases were captured. Rates of death and brain damage for different airway devices (facemask, supraglottic airway, tracheal tube) varied little. Airway management was considered good in 19% of assessable anaesthesia cases. Elements of care were judged poor in three-quarters: in only three deaths was airway management considered exclusively good. Although these data suggest the incidence of death and brain damage from airway management during general anaesthesia is low, statistical analysis of the distribution of reports suggests as few as 25% of relevant incidents may have been reported. It therefore provides an indication of the lower limit for incidence of such complications. The review of airway management indicates that in a majority of cases, there is 'room for improvement'.
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            Postoperative sore throat: a systematic review.

            Postoperative sore throat has a reported incidence of up to 62% following general anaesthesia. In adults undergoing tracheal intubation, female sex, younger age, pre-existing lung disease, prolonged duration of anaesthesia and the presence of a blood-stained tracheal tube on extubation are associated with the greatest risk. Tracheal intubation without neuromuscular blockade, use of double-lumen tubes, as well as high tracheal tube cuff pressures may also increase the risk of postoperative sore throat. The expertise of the anaesthetist performing tracheal intubation appears to have no influence on the incidence in adults, although it may in children. In adults, the i-gel(™) supraglottic airway device results in a lower incidence of postoperative sore throat. Cuffed supraglottic airway devices should be inflated sufficiently to obtain an adequate seal and intracuff pressure should be monitored. Children with respiratory tract disease are at increased risk. The use of supraglottic airway devices, oral, rather than nasal, tracheal intubation and cuffed, rather than uncuffed, tracheal tubes have benefit in reducing the incidence of postoperative sore throat in children. Limiting both tracheal tube and supraglottic airway device cuff pressure may also reduce the incidence.
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              Comparison of the LMA Supreme vs the i-gel in paralysed patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery with controlled ventilation.

              We compared the efficacy of the inflatable cuff of the LMA Supreme against the non-inflatable i-gel cuff in providing an adequate seal for laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position in 100 female patients. There was no difference in our primary outcome, oropharyngeal leak pressure, between the LMA Supreme and the i-gel (mean (SD) 26.4 (5.1) vs 25.0 (5.7) cmH(2) O, respectively; p = 0.18). Forty-seven (94%) LMA Supremes and 48 (96%) i-gels were successfully inserted on the first attempt, with similar ease, and comparable times to the first capnograph trace (mean (SD) 14.3 (4.7) s for the LMA Supreme vs 15.4 (8.2) s for the i-gel; p = 0.4). Gastric tube insertion was easier and achieved more quickly with the LMA Supreme vs the i-gel (9.0 (2.5) s vs 15.1 (7.3) s, respectively; p < 0.001). After creation of the pneumoperitoneum, there was a smaller difference between expired and inspired tidal volumes with the LMA Supreme (21.5 (15.2) ml) than with the i-gel (31.2 (23.5) ml; p = 0.009). There was blood on removal of two LMA Supremes and one i-gel. Four patients in the LMA Supreme group and one patient in the i-gel group experienced mild postoperative sore throat.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cir
                Revista Cubana de Cirugía
                Rev Cubana Cir
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7493
                1561-2945
                March 2021
                : 60
                : 1
                : e1037
                Affiliations
                [1] La Habana La Habana orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana orgdiv1Hospital Universitario “General Calixto García” orgdiv2Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación Cuba
                Article
                S0034-74932021000100005 S0034-7493(21)06000100005
                93c61a67-23f0-4b43-9e0f-0d22fa2d5aac

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2020
                : 12 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                vía aérea,máscara laríngea,colecistectomía laparoscópica,airway,laryngeal mask,laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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