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      The SLC16 gene family-from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond.

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          Abstract

          The monocarboxylate cotransporter (MCT) family now comprises 14 members, of which only the first four (MCT1-MCT4) have been demonstrated experimentally to catalyse the proton-linked transport of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies. SLC16A10 (T-type amino-acid transporter-1, TAT1) is an aromatic amino acid transporter whilst the other members await characterization. MCTs have 12 transmembrane domains (TMDs) with intracellular N- and C-termini and a large intracellular loop between TMDs 6 and 7. MCT1 and MCT4 require a monotopic ancillary protein, CD147, for expression of functional protein at the plasma membrane. Lactic acid transport across the plasma membrane is fundamental for the metabolism of and pH regulation of all cells, removing lactic acid produced by glycolysis and allowing uptake by those cells utilizing it for gluconeogenesis (liver and kidney) or as a respiratory fuel (heart and red muscle). The properties of the different MCT isoforms and their tissue distribution and regulation reflect these roles.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Pflugers Arch
          Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          0031-6768
          0031-6768
          Feb 2004
          : 447
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK. A.Halestrap@Bristol.ac.uk
          Article
          10.1007/s00424-003-1067-2
          12739169
          93c6c7b1-fc4b-40a7-a85d-adbed1b0ce81
          History

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