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      Tympanoctomys: 75 años de historia: Estado actual del conocimiento del género

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          Abstract

          Esta contribución es un homenaje a José Yepes por los 75 años transcurridos desde que describiera el género Tympanoctomys, y por los 90 años de su ingreso al Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Las ratas vizcacha son el epítome de roedores sudamericanos adaptados al desierto, y han constituido un verdadero modelo, no solo por presentar distintos atributos especializados para la vida en ambientes xéricos, sino también como uno de los mamíferos con mayor número cromosómico. En este capítulo brindamos un panorama global sobre el estado del conocimiento del género y las especies relacionadas, en áreas como, distribución, ecología, genética y conservación. Las perspectivas se enfocan sobre los vacíos y preguntas en temas aún no resueltos y que constituyen líneas fascinantes y promisorias para investigar y profundizar.

          Translated abstract

          This contribution is a tribute to José Yepes on the 75th anniversary of his description of the genus Tympanoctomys, and the 90th anniversary of his admission to the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Viscacha rats are the epitome of South American rodents adapted to desert habitats, and are a true model, not only to present different specialized attributes for life in xeric environments, but also as one of the mammals with the highest chromosomal number. In this chapter, we present an overview of the state of knowledge of the genus and related species, regarding aspects such as distribution, ecology, genetic and conservation. Perspectives focus on gaps and unresolved issues that are fascinating and promising research lines.

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          Most cited references55

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          Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina

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            Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi).

            The rodent superfamily Octodontoidea comprises 6 families, 38 genera, and 193 living species of spiny rats, tuco-tucos, degus, hutias, and their relatives. All are endemic to the Neotropical Region where they represent roughly three-quarters of extant caviomorphs. Although caviomorph monophyly is well established and phylogenetic hypotheses exist for several families, understanding of octodontoid relationships is clouded by sparse taxon sampling and single-gene analyses. We examined sequence variation in one mitochondrial (12S rRNA) and three nuclear genes (vWF, GHR, and RAG1) across all caviomorph families (including 47 octodontoid species), all phiomorph families, and the sole remaining hystricognath family, using the gundi (Ctenodactylus) and springhaas (Pedetes) as outgroups. Our analyses support the monophyly of Phiomorpha, Caviomorpha, and the caviomorph superfamilies Cavioidea (Dasyproctidae, Cuniculidae, and Caviidae, the latter including Hydrochoerus), Erethizontoidea, Chinchilloidea (including Dinomyidae), and Octodontoidea. Cavioids and erethizontoids are strongly supported as sisters, whereas chinchilloids appear to be sister to octodontoids. Among octodontoids, Abrocomidae is consistently recovered as the basal element, sister to a pair of strongly supported clades; one includes Octodontidae and Ctenomyidae as reciprocally monophyletic lineages, whereas the other includes taxa currently allocated to Echimyidae, Capromyidae and Myocastoridae. Capromys appears near the base of this clade, in keeping with current classification, but Myocastor is nested securely inside a clade of Echimyidae that also contains eumysopines, echimyines and dactylomyines. Another, more weakly supported clade of Echimyidae contains fossorial and scansorial taxa from the Chaco-Cerrado-Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest. Biogeographic analyses robustly recover the Patagonia-Southern Andes complex as ancestral for the Octodontoidea, with three component lineages emerging by the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (∼23Ma): (1) stem abrocomids in the Central and Southern Andes; (2) a lineage leading to octodontids plus ctenomyids in Patagonia, later dispersing into the Chaco-Cerrado-Caatinga; and (3) a lineage leading to echimyids, capromyids, and myocastorids that subsequently radiated in more mesic biomes, including Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, and the Antilles. This reconstruction refutes earlier ideas that the diverse, generalized, mainly lowland family Echimyidae, which appears early in the fossil record, gave rise to the Andean lineages of octodontoids-instead, the reverse derivation appears to be true. We recommend formal synonymy of Myocastoridae with Echimyidae but defer a similar treatment of Capromyidae until additional hutia taxa and sequences can be analyzed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Neotropical mammals and the myth of amazonian biodiversity.

              M Mares (1992)
              Data were compiled on the distribution of mammal taxa (883 species, 242 genera, 45 families, and 10 orders) among South America's six major macrohabitats: lowland Amazon forest, western montane forests, Atlantic rain forest, upland semideciduous forest, southern mesophytic forest, and drylands. The drylands are the richest area in numbers of species supported and are more diverse than the other habitats, including the lowland Amazon rain forest, when endemics are considered. An analysis of number of endemic and nonendemic taxa versus size of area found a simple positive linear relationship: the drylands, almost twice as extensive as the Amazon lowlands, support more endemic taxa. Conservation plans that emphasize the wet tropics and fail to consider the drylands as special repositories of mammal diversity will be unable to preserve a significant number of novel taxa.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmacn
                Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
                Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat.
                Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1853-0400
                June 2018
                : 20
                : 1
                : 109-122
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameCONICET orgdiv1CCT Mendoza orgdiv2Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA)
                Article
                S1853-04002018000100011
                93cf0fa8-f822-437b-93ba-8d9de3db1eae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 May 2018
                : 15 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 76, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Homenaje a José Yepes

                José Yepes,Octodontids,Rodents,Viscacha Rats,Octodóntidos,Roedores,Ratas Vizcachas

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