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      Paradoxical and powerful: Volunteers’ experiences of befriending people with dementia

      1 , 2 , 3 , 2
      Dementia
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          This qualitative UK study explored the lived experiences of volunteer befrienders to people with dementia, using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine befrienders aged between 25 and 66 years. The relationship that developed between befriender and befriendee was at the heart of befrienders' experiences. It comprised numerous paradoxical processes that generated issues of power, equality and boundaries, characterising befriending as a complex and unique phenomenon. Befriending was expressed as a deeply personal and human experience, often with emotional power and profound meaning. Befrienders' personal learning included seeing past dementia stereotypes, challenging their own assumptions and boundaries, and reflecting on love, life and humanness. Dissemination of these findings could help to challenge the stigma around dementia, and enhance recruitment and support of dementia befrienders. Future research should consider befriendee experiences of the relationship, additional measures of befriending effectiveness, and exploration of befriender attrition and support.

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          Most cited references17

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          Do lonely days invade the nights? Potential social modulation of sleep efficiency.

          Loneliness predicts morbidity and mortality from broad-based causes, but the reasons for this effect remain unclear. Few differences in traditional health behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise, nutrition) have been found to differentiate lonely and nonlonely individuals. We present evidence that a prototypic restorative behavior--sleep--does make such a differentiation, not through differences in time in bed or in sleep duration, but through differences in efficacy: In the study we report here, lonely individuals evinced poorer sleep efficiency and more time awake after sleep onset than nonlonely individuals. These results, which were observed in controlled laboratory conditions and were found to generalize to the home, suggest that lonely individuals may be less resilient than nonlonely individuals in part because they sleep more poorly. These results also raise the possibility that social factors such as loneliness not only may influence the selection of health behaviors but also may modulate the salubrity of restorative behaviors.
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            The conceptualization and measurement of therapeutic alliance: an empirical review.

            Therapeutic alliance constitutes a major variable in explaining the outcome of treatment. However, meta-analytic, narrative, and theoretical reviews have all begun to comment on significant deficiencies in both conceptualization and measurement of alliance. While the evidence on the overall impact of alliance on treatment outcomes is impressive, we know much less about its components, modelling and discrete measurement. We review the conceptual and methodological underpinning of current alliance concepts and measures with the aim of identifying the current status of the methods and clarifying the conceptual and measurement tasks ahead. The review makes clear the diversity of concepts and measures available to address treatment alliance; however there is no one current measure of alliance that meets all the predefined criteria in either adult or child populations. We discuss the most successful measures to date, and recommend future developments in the field of alliance, including conceptual and experimental approaches, developmental issues, and analytic techniques.
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              Psychological needs as basic motives, not just experiential requirements.

              Self-determination theory (SDT) posits 3 evolved psychological needs, for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Considerable research has established that all 3 experiences are important for well-being. However, no SDT research has examined whether unmet needs have motivational force, an important criterion for establishing that certain experiences are indeed basic needs and motives (R. F. Baumeister & M. R. Leary, 1995). Three studies, using cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal methodologies, supply evidence that felt deficits in autonomy, competence, and relatedness arouse corresponding desires to acquire the missing experiences. However, a positive surfeit of felt-need satisfaction did not predict reduced desires for the corresponding needs. Implications for homeostatic, evolutionary, and humanistic perspectives upon basic psychological needs are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dementia
                Dementia
                SAGE Publications
                1471-3012
                1741-2684
                June 15 2016
                October 2018
                June 21 2016
                October 2018
                : 17
                : 7
                : 821-839
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Community Clinical Health Psychology Service, Coventry, UK
                [2 ]Clinical Psychology Doctorate Programme, Coventry University, UK; University of Warwick, UK
                [3 ]Arden Memory Service, Coventry, UK
                Article
                10.1177/1471301216654848
                27328695
                93d026ff-bf3f-4858-8940-2b1fd04f4f99
                © 2018

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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