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      From Pong to Pokemon Go, catching the essence of the Internet Gaming Disorder diagnosis : Commentary on: Chaos and confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder: Issues, concerns, and recommendations for clarity in the field (Kuss et al.)

      article-commentary
      1 , * ,
      Journal of Behavioral Addictions
      Akadémiai Kiadó
      Internet Gaming Disorder, video game addiction, DSM-5 diagnosis

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          Abstract

          Taking as a starting point, this commentary proposes some issues regarding the diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder discussed in Kuss et al. (2016). In our opinion, the confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis could be due to the weak starting point in building the criteria. The criteria such as functional impairment and stability of the dysfunctional behavior are considered. It is suggested that avatar identification, playing motivations, and types of video games should be considered for diagnosis. The diagnostic process is highly influenced by social context and the rapid development of video game industry. The commentary ends by considering the distinction between online and offline video gaming and the critical consideration of everyday behaviors as being addictive.

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          Most cited references19

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          Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

          Background Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
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            Internet gaming disorder and the DSM-5.

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              Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction.

              The objective of this study was to develop diagnostic criteria for internet addiction disorder (IAD) and to evaluate the validity of our proposed diagnostic criteria for discriminating non-dependent from dependent internet use in the general population. This study was conducted in three stages: the developmental stage (110 subjects in the survey group; 408 subjects in the training group), where items of the proposed diagnostic criteria were developed and tested; the validation stage (n = 405), where the proposed criteria were evaluated for criterion-related validity; and the clinical stage (n = 150), where the criteria and the global clinical impression of IAD were evaluated by more than one psychiatrist to determine inter-rater reliability. The proposed internet addiction diagnostic criteria consisted of symptom criterion (seven clinical symptoms of IAD), clinically significant impairment criterion (functional and psychosocial impairments), course criterion (duration of addiction lasting at least 3 months, with at least 6 hours of non-essential internet usage per day) and exclusion criterion (exclusion of dependency attributed to psychotic disorders). A diagnostic score of 2 + 1, where the first two symptoms (preoccupation and withdrawal symptoms) and at least one of the five other symptoms (tolerance, lack of control, continued excessive use despite knowledge of negative effects/affects, loss of interests excluding internet, and use of the internet to escape or relieve a dysphoric mood) was established. Inter-rater reliability was 98%. Our findings suggest that the proposed diagnostic criteria may be useful for the standardization of diagnostic criteria for IAD.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jba
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                J Behav Addict
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                11 March 2017
                June 2017
                : 6
                : 2
                : 124-127
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]FPCEE Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding address: Xavier Carbonell; FPCEE Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, c/Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; Phone: +34 93 253 3000; E-mail: xaviercs@ 123456blanquerna.url.edu
                Article
                10.1556/2006.6.2017.010
                5520111
                28301965
                93e75d2f-e4c5-47c6-aef2-a91adf87fb53
                © 2017 The Author(s)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 25 October 2016
                : 11 January 2017
                : 15 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 4
                Funding
                Funding sources: No financial support was received for this study.
                Categories
                COMMENTARY

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                DSM-5 diagnosis,Internet Gaming Disorder,video game addiction

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