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      Possible Frictionless Regime for Ultra-High Temperature Amorphous Matter

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          Abstract

          The almost frictionless transport of the very-high temperature amorphous matter which resembles the color glass condensate (possibly having much of their origin in the RHIC heavy ion collisions) in a confined annular tube with transversely corrugations is investigated by using the verified transition-rate model and boundary perturbation method. We found that for certain activation volume and energy there exist possible frictionless states which might be associated with the perfect fluid formation during the early expansion stage in RHIC Au+Au collisions. We also address the possible similar scenario in LHC Pb+Pb collisions considering the possible perfect fluid formation in ultra-high temperature transport of amorphous matter.

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          Shear viscosity of strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma

          , , (2010)
          Using the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, we relate the shear viscosity \eta of the finite-temperature N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the large N, strong-coupling regime with the absorption cross section of low-energy gravitons by a near-extremal black three-brane. We show that in the limit of zero frequency this cross section coincides with the area of the horizon. From this result we find \eta=\pi/8 N^2T^3. We conjecture that for finite 't Hooft coupling (g_YM)^2N the shear viscosity is \eta=f((g_YM)^2N) N^2T^3, where f(x) is a monotonic function that decreases from O(x^{-2}\ln^{-1}(1/x)) at small x to \pi/8 when x\to\infty.
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            The Effect of Shear Viscosity on Spectra, Elliptic Flow, and HBT Radii

            (2003)
            I calculate the first correction to the thermal distribution function of an expanding gas due to shear viscosity. With this modified distribution function I estimate viscous corrections to spectra, elliptic flow, and HBT radii in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions using the blast wave model. For reasonable values of the shear viscosity, viscous corrections become of order one when the transverse momentum of the particle is larger than 1.7 GeV. This places a bound on the \(p_{T}\) range accessible to hydrodynamics for this observable. Shear corrections to elliptic flow cause \(v_{2}(p_{T})\) to veer below the ideal results for \(p_{T} \approx 0.9\) GeV. Shear corrections to the longitudinal HBT radius \(R^{2}_{L}\) are large and negative. The reduction of \(R_{L}^2\) can be traced to the reduction of the longitudinal pressure. Viscous corrections cause the longitudinal radius to deviate from the \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{m_T}}\) scaling which is observed in the data and which is predicted by ideal hydrodynamics. The correction to the sideward radius \(R^{2}_{S}\) is small. The correction to the outward radius \(R^{2}_{O}\) is also negative and tends to make \(R_{O}/R_{S} \approx 1\).
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              On the Strongly-Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

              Joseph Kapusta, Larry D. McLerran, Laszlo Csernai (2006)
              Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) as evidenced by single-particle transverse momentum distributions and by azimuthal correlations among the produced particles. The data are well-reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. A calculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity \(\eta\) to entropy density \(s\) by Kovtun, Son and Starinets within anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory yields \(\eta/s = \hbar/4\pi k_B\) which has been conjectured to be a lower bound for any physical system. Motivated by these results, we show that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons has behavior similar to helium, nitrogen, and water at and near their phase transitions in the ratio \(\eta/s\). We suggest that experimental measurements can pinpoint the location of this transition or rapid crossover in QCD.
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                Author and article information

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                Publication date Created: 15 March 2010
                Article
                ArXiV ID: 1003.3058
                SO-VID: 93eefcc3-d031-4123-91cd-ba7ba8832a40
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                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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