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      Experiencia del paciente en tratamiento con inhibidores de PCSK9 con el modelo de atención farmacéutica Capacidad-Motivación-Oportunidad (CMO) Translated title: Patient experience in treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors based on the pharmaceutical care model Capacity-Motivation-Oportunity (CMO)

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la experiencia del paciente crónico tratado con inhibidores de PCSK9 de una cohorte de práctica clínica real según el modelo de atención farmacéutica (AF) basado en el concepto Capacidad-Motivación-Oportunidad (CMO). Métodos: Estudio unicéntrico, transversal, que incluyó pacientes adultos con hipercolesterolemia en tratamiento con cualquier inhibidor PCSK9 que llevaran, al menos, 6 meses de tratamiento y acudieron a seguimiento en consultas externas de AF durante el mes de abril de 2019. Se recogieron variables demográficas (sexo y edad), clínicas (niveles de colesterol total y c-LDL), farmacoterapéuticas (número de medicamentos concomitantes prescritos y tipo de anti-PCSK9) y relacionadas con AF (nivel de estratificación según Modelo de Selección y Atención Farmacéutica de Pacientes Crónicos de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria). La valoración de la experiencia del paciente se realizó mediante el cuestionario IEXPAC vía telefónica, por un farmacéutico diferente al que realizaba el seguimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 pacientes (67,9% varones), con una mediana de edad de 63 años (RIQ: 54-72). Los datos farmacacoterapéuticos muestran una población polimedicada. El 80,7% estaba en tratamiento con alirocumab y el 19,3% evolocumab. Mediante el concepto de Capacidad se estratificó la población en estudio resultando un 57,2% de nivel 3, mientras que un 21,4% pertenecían a los niveles 1 y 2 respectivamente. El cuestionario IEXPAC nos arrojó una puntuación global elevada (6,9±1,6). Conclusiones: La evaluación de la atención farmacéutica basada en la metodología CMO en pacientes crónicos en tratamiento con inhibidores PCSK9 cumple una alta expectativa en cada punto de interacción identificado.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the experience of the chronic patient treated with PCSK9 inhibitors of a cohort of real clinical practice according to the pharmaceutical care model (AF) based on the concept Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO). Methods: One-way cross-sectional study that included adult patients with hypercholesterolemia in treatment with any PCSK9 inhibitor who took at least 6 months of treatment and who followed up in external AF consultations during the month of April 2019. Demographic variables (sex and age), clinics (levels of total cholesterol and LDL-c), pharmacotherapeutic (number of prescribed concomitant medications and type of anti-PCSK9) and related to AF (level of stratification according to the Chronic Patient's Selection and Pharmaceutical Care Model Spanish Pharmacy Hospital). The assessment of the patient's experience was carried out through the IEXPAC questionnaire via telephone, by a pharmacist different from the one who followed up. Results: 28 patients (67.9% male) were included, with a middle age of 63 (IQR: 54-72). Pharmaco-therapeutic data show a polymedicated population. 80.7% were treated with alirocumab and 19.3% evolocumab. Through the concept of Capacity, the study population was stratified resulting in 57.2% of level 3, while 21.4% belonged to levels 1 and 2 respectively. The IEXPAC questionnaire gave us a high overall score (6.9±1.6). Conclusions: The evaluation of pharmaceutical care based on the CMO methodology in chronic patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors meets a high expectation level at each identified interaction point.

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          MAPEX: mirar profundo, mirar lejos

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            PCSK9 Antibodies for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia

            The serine protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and directs it to lysosomes for intracellular degradation. This results in decreased numbers of LDLR available on the hepatic cell surface to bind LDL particles and remove them from the circulation and therefore to a subsequent increase in circulating LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) plasma levels. Since 2003, when the role of PCSK9 in LDL-C metabolism was discovered, there have been major efforts to develop efficient and safe methods to inhibit it. Amongst those, monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 are the furthest in development, with multiple phase 3 trials already published and with cardiovascular endpoint trials currently underway. Two fully human monoclonal antibodies, evolocumab (AMG 145) and alirocumab (REGN727/SAR236553), have been extensively studied in a wide range of subjects, such as those with statin intolerance, as an add-on to statin therapy, as a monotherapy and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. PCSK9 antibodies result in a consistent and robust decrease in LDL-C plasma levels ranging from 40% to 70%, either on top of statins or as a monotherapy. If the safety data from the on-going phase 3 trials remain as reassuring as the data available till now, PCSK9 antibodies will offer a novel, powerful therapeutic option to decrease LDL-C plasma levels and, hopefully, cardiovascular risk.
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              Guía de práctica clínica sobre el manejo de los lípidos como factor de riesgo cardiovascular

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2021
                : 31
                : 2
                : 133-137
                Affiliations
                [1] Sevilla orgnameHospital Universitario de Valme orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000200133 S1699-714X(21)03100200133
                10.4321/s1699-714x2021000200004
                93fac3be-3b0a-4226-b31b-bc6868137a5e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 March 2020
                : 17 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                hipercolesterolemia,Atención farmacéutica,PCSK9,Capacidad-Motivación-Oportunidad,Pharmaceutical care,hypercholesterolemia,Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity

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