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      Cognición en la esquizofrenia. Estado actual de la cuestión (II): sesgos cognitivos, modelos explicativos y programas de intervención Translated title: Cognition in schizophrenia. State of the art (II): cognitive biases, explanatory models, and intervention programs

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La investigación sugiere que los síntomas, la neurocognición y la cognición social (CS) se influyen mutuamente y se relacionan a su vez con el funcionamiento psicosocial en la esquizofrenia. Tanto los déficits neurocognitivos como en CS podrían tener mayor responsabilidad que los síntomas clínicos sobre el funcionamiento social. Distintos sesgos de razonamiento cognitivo, como el “salto a conclusiones”, contribuyen a la formación y mantenimiento de los síntomas, y al funcionamiento en la vida real. La rehabilitación cognitiva ha mostrado cierta utilidad en la mejora de la cognición y del funcionamiento en las habilidades de la vida diaria de las personas con psicosis a través de sus posibles efectos sobre la neuroplasticidad cerebral. Diferentes programas, como el Entrenamiento Metacognitivo, aparecen como intervenciones prometedoras para mejorar los sesgos de razonamiento. La neurocognición, la CS y ciertos sesgos de razonamiento se interrelacionan para predecir el funcionamiento social en la esquizofrenia. Distintas intervenciones podrían mejorar estos procesos a través de sus efectos sobre la neuroplasticidad cerebral. No obstante, a pesar del creciente cuerpo de investigación, los resultados distan de ser concluyentes.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Research suggests that symptoms, neurocognition and social cognition (SC) influence each other and are related to psychosocial functioning. Both neurocognitive (especially in verbal memory) and SC impairments could have greater responsibility than clinical symptoms on social functioning in schizophrenia. Different biases of cognitive reasoning, such as "jumping to conclusions", contribute both to the formation and maintenance of symptoms and to the functioning in daily life. Cognitive rehabilitation has demonstrated its usefulness in improving cognition, symptoms, and daily life skills in people with psychosis through its effects on brain neuroplasticity. Different programs, such as Metacognitive Training (MCT), appear as promising interventions to improve the typical reasoning biases involved in psychotic disorders. Neurocognition, social cognition and certain reasoning biases interrelate to predict social functioning in schizophrenia. Different psychosocial interventions could improve these processes through their effects on brain neuroplasticity. However, despite the growing body of research, the results are far from being definitive.

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          Most cited references124

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          Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry.

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            Social cognition in schizophrenia.

            Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognition, which manifests as difficulties in identifying emotions, feeing connected to others, inferring people's thoughts and reacting emotionally to others. These social cognitive impairments interfere with social connections and are strong determinants of the degree of impaired daily functioning in such individuals. Here, we review recent findings from the fields of social cognition and social neuroscience and identify the social processes that are impaired in schizophrenia. We also consider empathy as an example of a complex social cognitive function that integrates several social processes and is impaired in schizophrenia. This information may guide interventions to improve social cognition in patients with this disorder.
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              The relationship between neurocognition and social cognition with functional outcomes in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.

              The current systematic review and meta-analysis provides an extended and comprehensive overview of the associations between neurocognitive and social cognitive functioning and different types of functional outcome. Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE and PsycINFO and reference lists from identified articles to retrieve relevant studies on cross-sectional associations between neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome in individuals with non-affective psychosis. Of 285 studies identified, 52 studies comprising 2692 subjects met all inclusion criteria. Pearson correlations between cognition and outcome, demographic data, sample sizes and potential moderator variables were extracted. Forty-eight independent meta-analyses, on associations between 12 a priori identified neurocognitive and social cognitive domains and 4 domains of functional outcome yielded a number of 25 significant mean correlations. Overall, social cognition was more strongly associated with community functioning than neurocognition, with the strongest associations being between theory of mind and functional outcomes. However, as three-quarters of variance in outcome were left unexplained, cognitive remediation approaches need to be combined with therapies targeting other factors impacting on outcome. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                neuropsiq
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
                Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.
                Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0211-5735
                2340-2733
                June 2020
                : 40
                : 137
                : 131-154
                Affiliations
                [1] Castelló orgnameUniversitat Jaume I de Castelló orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología España
                [2] Valencia orgnameHospital Universitario Doctor Peset orgdiv1Servicio de Salud Mental Spain
                Article
                S0211-57352020000100008 S0211-5735(20)04013700008
                10.4321/s0211-57352020000100008
                942454b2-2b4b-4a63-afd0-8ac89c95a8b9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 April 2020
                : 03 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 125, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                cognitive rehabilitation,metacognitive training,esquizofrenia,cognición social,metacognición,sesgos cognitivos,funcionamiento social,rehabilitación cognitiva,entrenamiento metacognitivo,schizophrenia,social cognition,metacognition,cognitive biases,social functioning

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