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      La percepción de peligro y competencia como factores predictores del prejuicio hacia diferentes grupos sociales Translated title: The perception of danger and competence as predictors of prejudice towards different social groups

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          Abstract

          El prejuicio ha sido descrito como un fenómeno generalizado ya que individuos prejuiciosos hacia determinados grupos sociales también suelen serlo hacia otros. Sin embargo, estudios recientes indican que la percepción de peligro expresada por el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y la percepción de competencia intergrupal, expresada por la orientación a la dominancia social, podrían ser factores diferenciales en la explicación del prejuicio generalizado. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar la dimensionalidad del prejuicio generalizado, para luego dar cuenta si el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y la orientación a la dominancia social son predictores de diversas formas de prejuicio. Participaron del estudio 376 estudiantes universitarios de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires con edades entre 18 y 42 años (M = 23.17; DT = 3.1), de los cuales 42,1% eran hombres. Los resultados principales indicaron la presencia de tres dimensiones que agrupaban diferentes grupos sociales, explicados diferencialmente por la orientación a la dominancia social y el autoritarismo del ala de derechas. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la noción del prejuicio generalizado como un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional, explicado diferencialmente por la percepción de peligro y competencia que se manifiesta a través de los niveles de autoritarismo y dominancia.

          Translated abstract

          Prejudice has been described as a generalized phenomenon because individuals who express prejudice towards certain social groups also tend to express prejudice toward other groups. However, recent studies indicate that the perception of danger expressed by right-wing authoritarians and the perception of intergroup competence expressed by individuals with a social dominance orientation could be distinguishing factors in explaining the generalized prejudice. The main aim of this study was to analyse the dimensionality of generalized prejudice and then investigate if right-wing authoritarianism and a social dominance orientation were predictors of various forms of prejudice. The sample comprised 376 college students from Buenos Aires aged between 18 and 42 years (M = 23.17, SD = 3.1), of whom 42.1% were male. The main results suggest that there are three dimensions that distinguish different social groups, which are differentially explained by a social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. These findings reinforce the notion of generalized prejudice as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, differentially explained by the perception of danger and competence that manifests through individual levels of authoritarianism and social dominance.

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          Most cited references60

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          The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism.

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            The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: testing a dual process model.

            The issue of personality and prejudice has been largely investigated in terms of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. However, these seem more appropriately conceptualized as ideological attitudes than as personality dimensions. The authors describe a causal model linking dual dimensions of personality, social world view, ideological attitudes, and intergroup attitudes. Structural equation modeling with data from American and White Afrikaner students supported the model, suggesting that social conformity and belief in a dangerous world influence authoritarian attitudes, whereas toughmindedness and belief in a competitive jungle world influence social dominance attitudes, and these two ideological attitude dimensions influence intergroup attitudes. The model implies that dual motivational and cognitive processes, which may be activated by different kinds of situational and intergroup dynamics, may underlie 2 distinct dimensions of prejudice.
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              Enforcing Social Conformity: A Theory of Authoritarianism

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ep
                Escritos de Psicología (Internet)
                Escritos de Psicología
                Universidad de Málaga (Málaga, Málaga, Spain )
                1989-3809
                April 2015
                : 8
                : 1
                : 30-37
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameComisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Argentina
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Argentina
                [02] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Argentina
                Article
                S1989-38092015000100004
                10.5231/psy.writ.2015.0912
                945423ac-148a-4b93-9fe9-4ef09f63498b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 September 2014
                : 09 December 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Prejuicio,Autoritarismo del ala de derechas,Orientación a la dominancia social,Peligro,Competencia,Prejudice,Right-wing authoritarianism,Social Dominance Orientation,Danger,Competence

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