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      A estrutura da guilda de abelhas e vespas visitantes florais de Waltheria americana L. (Sterculiaceae) Translated title: Guild structure of flower-visiting bees and wasps on Waltheria americana L. (Sterculiaceae)

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          Abstract

          A fenologia floral de Waltheria americana L. (Sterculiaceae) e o número de espécies de angiospermas floridas foram quantificados em dois locais do Campus Pampulha da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em Belo Horizonte, Estação Ecológica (EE) e Prefeitura (PR). O objetivo foi avaliar a importância de W. americana como fornecedora de pólen e néctar para uma guilda de vespas e abelhas visitantes. Na estação chuvosa o número de espécies de angiospermas floridas foi maior que na estação seca, mas apresentou diferença significativa apenas na PR. Todavia, em ambas estações, nos dois locais, houve uma correlação positiva entre o número de flores em W. americana e o número de outras espécies floridas. Na PR o número de flores em W. americana foi significativamente maior na estação seca. O número de espécies de vespas visitantes de W. americana foi maior nos meses de abril a agosto de 1993 na PR e somente as abelhas mostraram variação na composição de espécies ao longo do período do estudo. Houve uma correlação positiva entre o número de visitas de abelhas, de flores em W. americana e o número de outras espécies floridas. Porém, não houve diferença no número médio de visitas entre as estações do ano. Por outro lado, não houve correlação entre o número de visitas de vespas, número de flores em W. americana e número de outras espécies floridas na EE. As vespas visitaram W. americana mais frequentemente, na estação chuvosa, na EE; o inverso ocorreu na PR. A visitação diária de vespas e abelhas foi mais intensa entre nove e 13 h. Por florescer todo o ano e ser uma fonte de néctar para abelhas e vespas, W. americana pode ser importante para ajudar a manter a estrutura da guilda de abelhas e vespas visitantes florais, as quais podem atuar como polinizadores e agentes de controle biológico em áreas agrícolas ou degradadas.

          Translated abstract

          The number of flowers produced by the weed Waltheria americana L (Sterculiaceae) and the number of flowering dicot species were quantified in two sites at the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, to evaluate their seasonal relative importance as a source of nectar and pollen to a guild of 72 species of wasps and 37 species of bees. Differences between the average number of flowering dicot species between the dry and rainy seasons were found in only one of the sites. A significant difference in the number of flowers produced by W. americana between the two seasons was found in only one of the sites. Only the number of wasps visiting W. americana varied between seasons. Seasonal variation in guild composition was observed in one of the sites and only the bees showed a strong variation in species composition along the year. There was a positive correlation between the number of flowering dicot species and both the number of bee visits, and the number of flowers of W. americana. However, there were no differences between seasons in the average of visits. On the other hand, there was no correlation between the number of wasp visits to W. americana and either the number of flowers of W. americana or the number of other flowering dicot species in one site. On average, wasps visit W. americana more frequently in the rainy season than in the dry one in one of the sites, but the inverse occurred in the other site. The daily flower visitation of wasps and bees was most intense, and similar, between nine and 13 h. Because W. americana flowers year round and is a source of nectar for bees and wasps, its management could be important to maintain the diversity of bees and wasps in disturbed areas or agroecosystems, thus supporting insects which may act as pollinators and biological control agents, respectively.

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          Most cited references28

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          Insects as Flower Visitors and Pollinators

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            Pollinators in high-elevation ecosystems: relative effectiveness of birds and bees.

            R Cruden (1972)
            During the rainy season bird-flowered plants at high elevations are more effectively pollinated than closely related bee-flowered plants. With good flight conditions the effectiveness of birds and bees is essentially equal. Thus, the higher incidence of bird flowers at higher elevations is attributable in part to the competitive advantage gained through greater reproductive success.
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              Contribuição à palinologia dos cerrados

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aseb
                Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil
                An. Soc. Entomol. Bras.
                Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil (Londrina, PR, Brazil )
                0301-8059
                1981-5328
                December 1999
                : 28
                : 4
                : 617-633
                Affiliations
                [01] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Departamento de Pesquisa
                [02] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUFMG orgdiv1ICB orgdiv2Departamento de Biologia Geral
                Article
                S0301-80591999000400005 S0301-8059(99)02800405
                94688c72-63f2-481f-ba7a-65cf2a1b710f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 October 1998
                : 30 October 1999
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Ecologia, Comportamento e Bionomia

                Hymenoptera,weeds,disturbed areas,flowering phenology,Insecta,planta invasora,áreas degradadas,fenologia floral

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