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      Chromatin and Transcription in Yeast

      Author(s): ,
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Genetics
      Publisher: Genetics Society of America

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          Abstract

          Understanding the mechanisms by which chromatin structure controls eukaryotic transcription has been an intense area of investigation for the past 25 years. Many of the key discoveries that created the foundation for this field came from studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including the discovery of the role of chromatin in transcriptional silencing, as well as the discovery of chromatin-remodeling factors and histone modification activities. Since that time, studies in yeast have continued to contribute in leading ways. This review article summarizes the large body of yeast studies in this field.

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          The biology of chromatin remodeling complexes.

          Cedric R Clapier, Bradley Cairns (2009)
          The packaging of chromosomal DNA by nucleosomes condenses and organizes the genome, but occludes many regulatory DNA elements. However, this constraint also allows nucleosomes and other chromatin components to actively participate in the regulation of transcription, chromosome segregation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. To enable dynamic access to packaged DNA and to tailor nucleosome composition in chromosomal regions, cells have evolved a set of specialized chromatin remodeling complexes (remodelers). Remodelers use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move, destabilize, eject, or restructure nucleosomes. Here, we address many aspects of remodeler biology: their targeting, mechanism, regulation, shared and unique properties, and specialization for particular biological processes. We also address roles for remodelers in development, cancer, and human syndromes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 702 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Single-cell proteomic analysis of S. cerevisiae reveals the architecture of biological noise.

            John R S Newman, Sina Ghaemmaghami, Jan Ihmels … (2006)
            A major goal of biology is to provide a quantitative description of cellular behaviour. This task, however, has been hampered by the difficulty in measuring protein abundances and their variation. Here we present a strategy that pairs high-throughput flow cytometry and a library of GFP-tagged yeast strains to monitor rapidly and precisely protein levels at single-cell resolution. Bulk protein abundance measurements of >2,500 proteins in rich and minimal media provide a detailed view of the cellular response to these conditions, and capture many changes not observed by DNA microarray analyses. Our single-cell data argue that noise in protein expression is dominated by the stochastic production/destruction of messenger RNAs. Beyond this global trend, there are dramatic protein-specific differences in noise that are strongly correlated with a protein's mode of transcription and its function. For example, proteins that respond to environmental changes are noisy whereas those involved in protein synthesis are quiet. Thus, these studies reveal a remarkable structure to biological noise and suggest that protein noise levels have been selected to reflect the costs and potential benefits of this variation.
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              Genetic dissection of transcriptional regulation in budding yeast.

              Rachel Brem, Gaël Yvert, Rebecca Clinton … (2002)
              To begin to understand the genetic architecture of natural variation in gene expression, we carried out genetic linkage analysis of genomewide expression patterns in a cross between a laboratory strain and a wild strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Over 1500 genes were differentially expressed between the parent strains. Expression levels of 570 genes were linked to one or more different loci, with most expression levels showing complex inheritance patterns. The loci detected by linkage fell largely into two categories: cis-acting modulators of single genes and trans-acting modulators of many genes. We found eight such trans-acting loci, each affecting the expression of a group of 7 to 94 genes of related function.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Genetics
                Abbreviated Title: Genetics
                Publisher: Genetics Society of America
                ISSN (Print): 0016-6731
                ISSN (Electronic): 1943-2631
                Publication date Created: February 16 2012
                Publication date Created: February 2012
                Publication date (Print): February 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): February 16 2012
                Volume: 190
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 351-387
                Article
                DOI: 10.1534/genetics.111.132266
                PMC ID: 3276623
                PubMed ID: 22345607
                SO-VID: 9470fefc-a357-4dc0-88db-6a36a887cff0
                Copyright © © 2012
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