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      Digital plagiarism - The web giveth and the web shall taketh

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      Author(s): 1 , , 2
      Other contributor(s): (Reviewer)
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Medical Internet Research
      Publisher: Gunther Eysenbach
      Keywords: Ethics, Manuscript, Internet, World Wide Web

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          Abstract

          Publishing students' and researchers' papers on the World Wide Web (WWW) facilitates the sharing of information within and between academic communities. However, the ease of copying and transporting digital information leaves these authors' ideas open to plagiarism. Using tools such as the Plagiarism.org database, which compares submissions to reports and papers available on the Internet, could discover instances of plagiarism, revolutionize the peer review process, and raise the quality of published research everywhere.

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            A pilot study of biomedical trainees' perceptions concerning research ethics.

            M Kalichman, Naomi Friedman (1992)
            The authors surveyed 2,010 biomedical trainees in the fall of 1990 at the University of California, San Diego, regarding their perceptions about unethical practices in research and the extent of their training exposure to the ethics of scientific investigation; 549 responded, representing both clinical and basic science departments and including graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in addition to medical students, residents, and fellows. Of the 549 trainees, 129 (23%) responded that they had received no training in research ethics; 195 (36%), that they had observed some kind of scientific misconduct (although not necessarily in the sense of research fraud defined in federal regulations); and 81 (15%), that they would be willing to select, omit, or fabricate data to win a grant or publish a paper. The trainees planning an academic career were more likely to report having been aware of others' scientific misconduct. Reported exposure to ethics training was not associated with a difference in past or potential unethical behavior. The authors conclude that while the apparent ineffectiveness of past ethics instruction does not preclude the possibility that more systematic training may be useful, it does underscore the need to assess the efficacy of training activities.
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              Plagiarism is worse than mere theft.

              Benjamin Maddox (1995)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                :
                University of California at Berkeley129 Life Sciences AdditionBerkeley CA 94720-3200USA+1 510 643 8896+1 510 643 6791barriej@socrates.berkeley.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Med Internet Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JMIR
                Title: Journal of Medical Internet Research
                Publisher: Gunther Eysenbach (Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, Toronto, Canada )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1438-8871
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Mar 2000
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 March 2000
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: e6
                Affiliations
                [1] 1simpleBiophysics Group simpleUniversity of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA 94720-3200USA
                [2] 2simpleDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology simpleUniversity of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA 94720-3200USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: v2i1e6 Medline ID: 21577990
                DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2.1.e6
                PMC ID: 1761843
                PubMed ID: 11720925
                SO-VID: 947246e4-b531-4f2d-89e7-091b3d16f193
                Copyright © © John M Barrie, David E Presti. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 31.3.2000. Except where otherwise noted, articles published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, including full bibliographic details and the URL (see "please cite as" above), and this statement is included.
                History
                Date received : 8 February 2000
                Date revision requested : 22 February 2000
                Date accepted : 27 March 2000
                Categories
                Subject: Commentary

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: ethics,manuscript,internet,world wide web
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: ethics, manuscript, internet, world wide web

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