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      Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology of NADPH oxidases in the cardiovascular system.

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          Abstract

          The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are critical mediators of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These proteins are expressed in virtually all cardiovascular cells, and regulate such diverse functions as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, inflammatory responses and oxygen sensing. They target a number of important signaling molecules, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, ion channels, and proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton. Nox enzymes have been implicated in many different cardiovascular pathologies: atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, angiogenesis and collateral formation, stroke, and heart failure. In this review, we discuss in detail the biochemistry of Nox enzymes expressed in the cardiovascular system (Nox1, 2, 4, and 5), their roles in cardiovascular cell biology, and their contributions to disease development.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Circ Res
          Circulation research
          Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
          1524-4571
          0009-7330
          May 11 2012
          : 110
          : 10
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
          Article
          110/10/1364 NIHMS369734
          10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.243972
          3365576
          22581922
          947bfcb2-c864-4145-8631-bc855bede09b
          History

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