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      Isolation and characterization of plumbagin (5- hydroxyl- 2- methylnaptalene-1,4-dione) producing endophytic fungi Cladosporium delicatulum from endemic medicinal plants : Isolation and characterization of plumbagin producing endophytic fungi from endemic medicinal plants

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          Highlights

          • Diversity of endophytic fungi from endemic medicinal plants in Eastern Ghats.

          • Molecular identification and anti-microbial activity of isolated endophytic cultures.

          • GCMS analysis and compound identification of potential crud extract.

          • Characterization of purified fraction using FTIR spectroscopy, MS and NMR.

          • Potentially inhibition of tested pathogens by identified compound 5-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1, 4-Dione.

          Abstract

          The rationale of the present study was to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from endemic medicinal plants in Eastern Ghats and screened for antimicrobial potential of isolated fungal crude extracts. A total of 329 endophytic strains were isolated from 600 infected leaves and stem cuttings of endemic plants. The diversity and species richness was analyzed statistically and found to be higher in leaf segments than in stem segments. From isolated fungal strains, Cladosporium delicatulum was identified using molecular identification methods and selected as the most potent plumbagin-producing endophytic strain. Further the isolation and structural characterization of endophytic fungal plumbagin (5-hydroxyl-2-methylnaptalene-1,4-dione) was purified and confirmed through spectroscopy analysis. The molecular weight was determined as m/z 188 in positive mode by ESI-MS, which confirmed to be plumbagin which potentially inhibited all tested pathogens, therefore the endophytic fungal plumbagin from the current study possesses important biological activities against pathogens.

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          Most cited references48

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          ITS as an environmental DNA barcode for fungi: an in silico approach reveals potential PCR biases

          Background During the last 15 years the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA has been used as a target for analyzing fungal diversity in environmental samples, and has recently been selected as the standard marker for fungal DNA barcoding. In this study we explored the potential amplification biases that various commonly utilized ITS primers might introduce during amplification of different parts of the ITS region in samples containing mixed templates ('environmental barcoding'). We performed in silico PCR analyses with commonly used primer combinations using various ITS datasets obtained from public databases as templates. Results Some of the ITS primers, such as ITS1-F, were hampered with a high proportion of mismatches relative to the target sequences, and most of them appeared to introduce taxonomic biases during PCR. Some primers, e.g. ITS1-F, ITS1 and ITS5, were biased towards amplification of basidiomycetes, whereas others, e.g. ITS2, ITS3 and ITS4, were biased towards ascomycetes. The assumed basidiomycete-specific primer ITS4-B only amplified a minor proportion of basidiomycete ITS sequences, even under relaxed PCR conditions. Due to systematic length differences in the ITS2 region as well as the entire ITS, we found that ascomycetes will more easily amplify than basidiomycetes using these regions as targets. This bias can be avoided by using primers amplifying ITS1 only, but this would imply preferential amplification of 'non-dikarya' fungi. Conclusions We conclude that ITS primers have to be selected carefully, especially when used for high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples. We suggest that different primer combinations or different parts of the ITS region should be analyzed in parallel, or that alternative ITS primers should be searched for.
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            Natural products from endophytic microorganisms.

            Endophytic microorganisms are to be found in virtually every plant on earth. These organisms reside in the living tissues of the host plant and do so in a variety of relationships ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic. Endophytes may contribute to their host plant by producing a plethora of substances that provide protection and ultimately survival value to the plant. Ultimately, these compounds, once isolated and characterized, may also have potential for use in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry. Novel antibiotics, antimycotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer compounds are only a few examples of what has been found after the isolation and culturing of individual endophytes followed by purification and characterization of some of their natural products. The prospects of finding new drugs that may be effective candidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans, plants, and animals are great. Other applications in industry and agriculture may also be discovered among the novel products produced by endophytic microbes.
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              Fungal volatile organic compounds: A review with emphasis on their biotechnological potential

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biotechnol Rep (Amst)
                Biotechnol Rep (Amst)
                Biotechnology Reports
                Elsevier
                2215-017X
                28 September 2018
                December 2018
                28 September 2018
                : 20
                : e00282
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, A.P, India
                [b ]Nanotechnology Laboratory, IFT, RARS, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517502, A.P, India
                [c ]Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, 521001, A.P, India
                [d ]Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, A.P, India
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. venkypath@ 123456gmail.com
                [1]

                All Authors Contributed Equally.

                Article
                S2215-017X(18)30069-9 e00282
                10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00282
                6171049
                30294561
                948172f3-9ea6-45b6-9093-45225f72531d
                © 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 16 March 2018
                : 18 September 2018
                : 24 September 2018
                Categories
                Article

                endophytic fungi,cladosporium delicatulum,structural characterization,plumbagin,biological activities

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