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      Caracterización ultrasonográfica modo-B y Doppler del cuerpo lúteo en llamas Translated title: Caracterization ultrasonographic B-mode and Doppler of the corpus luteum in llamas

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          Abstract

          La ultrasonografía modo B y Doppler en los rumiantes, como técnica ha permitido establecer nuevos conceptos sobre la fisiología reproductiva de las hembras, a través del estudio de la dinámica folicular y morfometría del cuerpo lúteo, por tanto, el objetivo fue caracterizar mediante ultrasonografía modo B y Doppler el cuerpo lúteo en llamas receptoras. Se utilizaron 37 llamas como receptoras (27 para ultrasonografía modo B y 10 Doppler) que fueron sincronizadas aplicando acetato de buserelina 0.0096 mg, nueve días posteriores se aplicó 0.048 mg de análogo de prostaglandina F2α, a los dos días posteriores se aplicó la segunda dosis de acetato de buserelina en la misma dosis para garantizar la ovulación y posterior formación del cuerpo lúteo, la evaluación en modo B de la morfometría consistió en observar la ecotextura, área, diámetro y volumen del cuerpo lúteo con el uso de un equipo ultrasonógrafo SonoStar SS-8® a 6.5 MHz de frecuencia y 6 cm de profundidad equipado con un transductor lineal transrectal; con la misma técnica con un equipo Draminski 4Vet® Doppler se determinó el porcentaje de área luteal de vascularización (% AVL). Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis descriptivo siendo de 0.119±0.032 cm² de área, 12.7±1.7 mm de diámetro y 0.84±0.32 cm³ de volumen de CL, para determinar la relación entre medidas métricas se utilizó la correlación de Pearson observando una relación positiva entre área/diámetro de 0.7506, área/volumen de 0.9289 y diámetro/volumen de 0.6602, observando una correlación alta positiva entre área y volumen, finalmente las características de % AVL fue de 34.97 para los CL de llamas receptoras. En conclusión, las características morfométricas evaluadas en modo B (área, diámetro y volumen) tienen una correlación positiva y el % AVL podría aplicarse como herramienta en el manejo reproductivo eficiente para la selección de receptoras en camélidos, entendiendo que es uno de los primeros reportes de estas características en llamas.

          Translated abstract

          Mode B and Doppler ultrasonography in ruminants, as a technique, has allowed establishing new concepts on the reproductive physiology of females, through the study of follicular dynamics and morphometry of the corpus luteum, therefore, the objective was to characterize using mode B ultrasound and Doppler the corpus luteum in recipients’ llamas. 37 llamas were used as recipients (27 for mode B and 10 Doppler ultrasound) that were synchronized by applying buserelin acetate 0.0096 mg, nine days later 0.048 mg of Prostaglandin F2α analog was applied, two days later the second dose of buserelin acetate in the same dose to a ovulation and subsequent formation of the corpus luteum, The B-mode evaluation of the morphometry consisted of observing the ecotexture, area, diameter and volume of the corpus luteum with the use of a SonoStar SS-8® ultrasound machine at 6.5 MHz frequency and 6 cm depth equipped with a transrectal linear transducer, with the same technique with a Draminski 4Vet® Doppler device, the percentage of luteal area of vascularization (% AVL) was determined. The data were subjected to a descriptive analysis, being 0.119±0.032 cm² in area, 12.7±1.7 mm in diameter and 0.84±0.32 cm³ in volumen of CL, to determine the relationship between metric measurements the Pearson correlation was used observing a positive relationship between area/diameter of 0.7506, area/volume of 0.9289 and diameter/volume of 0.6602, observing a high positive correlation between area and volume, finally, the characteristics of % AVL was 34.97 for the CLs of recipients llamas. In conclusion, the morphometric characteristics evaluated in mode B (area, diameter, and volume) have a positive correlation and the % AVL could be applied as a tool in efficient reproductive management for the selection of receptors in camelids, understanding that it is one of the first reports of these characteristics in llamas.

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          Most cited references37

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          Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size.

          The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode sonography. In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1=ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P(4)) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days -5 to -1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P(4)>1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Angiogenesis in the corpus luteum

            The corpus luteum (CL) is a site of intense angiogenesis. Within a short period, this is followed either by controlled regression of the microvascular tree in the non-fertile cycle, or maintenance and stabilisation of the new vasculature a conceptual cycle. The molecular regulation of these diverse aspects is examined. The CL provides a unique model system in which to study the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been found to have a major role in the CL. By targeting its action at specific stages of the luteal phase in vivo by antagonists, profound inhibitory effects on luteal angiogenesis and function are observed.
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              Factors influencing embryo transfer success in alpacas: a retrospective study.

              Embryo transfer offers great advantages to South American camelid farmers to reach their breeding goals but the technology still plays a relatively minor role in comparison to other domestic farm animals like cattle. The aim of the present study was to analyse a data set of 5547 single or multiple ovulation embryo transfers performed in commercial alpaca farms in Australia to determine the factors that influence number and quality of embryos produced, embryo transfer success (percentage of crias born) and gestation length following transfer. Logistic binary regression identified the variables day of flushing after mating, embryo diameter, embryo quality, day of transfer after GnRH, and the age of the recipient to have significant impact on the outcome measure embryo transfer success. Transfer of smaller embryos or lower quality embryos resulted in decreased transfer success rates. Optimal days for obtaining embryos from donors were Days 8 and 9 after mating, optimal days for transfer into recipients were Days 7 and 8 after GnRH treatment. Age (>15 years) and body condition of recipients <2 also lowered transfer success rates, while the summer heat had no adverse impact. However, season did influence gestation length, while cria gender did not. In conclusion, results from the analysis of this very large dataset can underpin new recommendations to improve embryo transfer success in alpacas.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jsaas
                Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science
                J.Selva Andina Anim. Sci.
                Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science.; Fundación Selva Andina Research Society.; Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología. (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2311-2581
                2021
                : 8
                : 1
                : 3-11
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia orgdiv2Centro de Investigación y Producción
                [04] orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno orgdiv1Escuela de Post Grado
                [01] Puno orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia orgdiv2Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal Perú uperez@ 123456unap.edu.pe
                [03] Puno orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno orgdiv1Escuela de Post Grado Perú
                Article
                S2311-25812021000100002 S2311-2581(21)00800100002
                94a8bd0c-59fa-4f7e-8436-ee8fefd99dbc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : September 2020
                : January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                REPORTE DE CASO

                ultrasonografía,llama,morphometric,pregnancy,ultrasonography,Cuerpo lúteo,Doppler,morfometría,preñez,Corpus luteum

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