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      Damage and drying modify the composition of Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata leaves

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This study compared the influence of mechanical damage and drying on the chemical composition of Mikania glomerata Spreng. and Mikania laevigata Sch.Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae, leaves. Leaves were collected 1-24 h after damage. Oven-drying at 40ºC and shade-drying at ambient temperature were compared to lyophilization. Samples were extracted in 70% ethanol and analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Significant (p < 0.05) increases of caffeoylquinic acids were observed in damaged leaves of both species and coumarin decreased in M. laevigata, indicating stress. Although the final water content was similar, the drying method affected the leaf composition. In shade-dried leaves of M. laevigata coumarin decreased and the presence of umbelliferone was observed; caffeoylquinic acid contents increased for 288 h in in both species. Apparently, enzymes were inactivated after 6 h in oven drying, stabilizing their chemical composition, while shade drying allowed enzymatic and microbial activity to continue; illustrating the importance of post harvesting procedures on the quality of medicinal plants.

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          Coumarin: chemical and pharmacological profile

          P.K. Jain, H. JOSHI, Jain … (2012)
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            Antiophidian properties of the aqueous extract of Mikania glomerata.

            Nicola Maiorano, Maristela A F Daher, Susana Pereira … (2005)
            Aqueous extracts, prepared from dried or fresh roots, stems or leaves of Mikania glomerata, a plant found in Mata Atlântica in Southeastern Brazil, were able to efficiently neutralize different toxic, pharmacological, and enzymatic effects induced by venoms from Bothrops and Crotalus snakes. Phospholipase A(2) activity and the edema induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus venom were inhibited around 100 and approximately 40%, respectively, although this inhibition was only partial for Bothrops venoms. The hemorrhagic activity of Bothrops venoms (Bothrops altenatus, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops neuwiedi, and Bothrops jararacussu) was significantly inhibited by this vegetal species, while the clotting activity of Crotalus durissus terrificus, Bothrops jararacussu, and Bothrops neuwiedi venoms was totally inhibited. Although, the mechanism of action of Mikania glomerata extract is still unknown, the finding that no visible change was detected in the electrophoretic pattern of snake venom after incubation with the extract excludes proteolytic degradation as a potential mechanism. Since the extract of Mikania glomerata significantly inhibited the studied snake venoms, it may be used as an alternative treatment to serumtherapy and, in addition, as a rich source of potential inhibitors of PLA(2)s, metalloproteases and serineproteases, enzymes involved in several physiopathological human and animal diseases.
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              Changes in the chemical composition of basil caused by different drying procedures.

              E Forni, Daniela Viscardi, L. Di Ciaccio … (2003)
              Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves were dried using a microwave oven at atmospheric pressure or two traditional methods: air-drying at 50 degrees C and freeze-drying. The microwave-drying was carried out at different powers and times on raw basil leaves, while for air and freeze-drying techniques, both raw and blanched leaves were used. The raw and dried basil was analyzed for selected aroma compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected-ion-monitoring, the chlorophyll a and b by HPLC and the color by a reflected-light colorimeter. For dried samples microwaved for 1 min at 270, 2 min at 440, 1 min at 650, and 1 min at 1100 W, the percentage retentions of the characteristic volatile compounds (eucalyptol, linalool, eugenol, and methyl eugenol) were higher than in the samples dried by traditional methods, with the exception of freeze-dried unblenched basil. Microwave drying allowed a larger retention of chlorophyll pigments than air-drying and freeze-drying (with or without blanching) and preserved the color of the raw basil. Microwave drying requires a much shorter treatment and implied the simultaneous blanching of the material.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alexandre A. Borghi: Role: ND
                Cláudia de L. Almeida: Role: ND
                Alexandra C.H.F. Sawaya: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rbfar
                Title: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
                Abbreviated Title: Rev. bras. farmacogn.
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0102-695X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1981-528X
                Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2019
                Volume: 29
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 793-797
                Affiliations
                [2] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Brazil
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0102-695X2019000600793 Publisher ID: S0102-695X(19)02900600793
                DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.08.006
                SO-VID: 94b87a21-9033-42a4-aba1-0601d387a901
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 29 August 2019
                Date received : 20 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Short Communications

                Keywords: Harvesting procedures,Kaurenoic acid,o-Coumaric acid,Grandifloric acid,Chlorogenic acid,Plant stress
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Harvesting procedures, Kaurenoic acid, o-Coumaric acid, Grandifloric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Plant stress

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