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      Industrial Intensification and Energy Embodied in Trade: Long-Run Energy Perspective of the Planned Economy of Czechoslovakia : Energy in Czechoslovakian Trade (1920-1998)

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      Journal of Industrial Ecology
      Wiley

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          The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

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            Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions.

            CO(2) emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are the primary cause of global warming. Much attention has been focused on the CO(2) directly emitted by each country, but relatively little attention has been paid to the amount of emissions associated with the consumption of goods and services in each country. Consumption-based accounting of CO(2) emissions differs from traditional, production-based inventories because of imports and exports of goods and services that, either directly or indirectly, involve CO(2) emissions. Here, using the latest available data, we present a global consumption-based CO(2) emissions inventory and calculations of associated consumption-based energy and carbon intensities. We find that, in 2004, 23% of global CO(2) emissions, or 6.2 gigatonnes CO(2), were traded internationally, primarily as exports from China and other emerging markets to consumers in developed countries. In some wealthy countries, including Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, the United Kingdom, and France, >30% of consumption-based emissions were imported, with net imports to many Europeans of >4 tons CO(2) per person in 2004. Net import of emissions to the United States in the same year was somewhat less: 10.8% of total consumption-based emissions and 2.4 tons CO(2) per person. In contrast, 22.5% of the emissions produced in China in 2004 were exported, on net, to consumers elsewhere. Consumption-based accounting of CO(2) emissions demonstrates the potential for international carbon leakage. Sharing responsibility for emissions among producers and consumers could facilitate international agreement on global climate policy that is now hindered by concerns over the regional and historical inequity of emissions.
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              BUILDING EORA: A GLOBAL MULTI-REGION INPUT–OUTPUT DATABASE AT HIGH COUNTRY AND SECTOR RESOLUTION

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Industrial Ecology
                Journal of Industrial Ecology
                Wiley
                10881980
                December 2018
                December 2018
                December 21 2017
                : 22
                : 6
                : 1436-1450
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Economic History; Lunds Universitet; Lund Sweden
                Article
                10.1111/jiec.12714
                94f23fbb-2428-4f7b-9e76-f8cef653fa9b
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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