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      Effects of saline water and potassium fertilization on photosynthetic pigments, growth and production of West Indian Cherry Translated title: Efeito da água salina e adubação potássica nos pigmentos fotossintéticos, crescimento e produção da aceroleira

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          Abstract

          Abstract Due to the scarcity of water in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, the use of saline water in agriculture should be considered as one alternative for irrigated agriculture. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic pigments, growth and production of West Indian Cherry as a function of irrigation using waters with different salinity levels and potassium (K) fertilization, after grafting. The study was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, in a eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with sandy loam texture, in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, to test two levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) and four K2O doses - KD (50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommendation), with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 79.2 mg K2O kg-1 of soil. Irrigation with high salinity water stimulated the biosynthesis of chlorophyll b and carotenoids, while the chlorophyll a content and the growth of the cherry were reduced markedly in the post-grafting phase. The harmful effects of salinity on the total number of fruit and fresh mass of West Indian Cherry fruit were minimized with potassium fertilization.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Diante da escassez hídrica, tanto em termos quantitativo como qualitativo, que ocorre no semiárido do Nordeste Brasileiro, o uso de água salina na agricultura deve ser considerado como uma alternativa para a agricultura irrigada. Neste contexto, desenvolveu este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar os pigmentos fotossintéticos, o crescimento e a produção da aceroleira em função da irrigação com águas de diferentes salinidades e adubação potássica, pós-enxertia. O estudo foi conduzido em lisímetros de drenagem em condições de casa de vegetação, no Neossolo Regolítico Eutrófico de textura franco-arenosa, no município de Campina Grande, PB. Usou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, testando-se dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,8 e 3,8 dS m-1) e quatro doses de potássio - DK (50, 75; 100 e 125% da recomendação), com três repetições. A dose referente a 100% correspondeu 79,2 mg K2O kg-1 de solo. A irrigação com água de elevada salinidade estimulou a biossíntese de clorofila b e carotenóides, enquanto o teor de clorofila a e o crescimento da aceroleira foram reduzidos acentuadamente, na fase pós-enxertia. Os efeitos prejudiciais da salinidade sobre o número total de frutos e massa fresca de frutos da aceroleira foram minimizados com a adubação potássica.

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          Tocochromanol functions in plants: antioxidation and beyond.

          Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocochromanols, are lipid-soluble molecules that belong to the group of vitamin E compounds and are essential in the human diet. Not surprisingly, most of what is known about the biological functions of tocochromanols comes from studies of mammalian systems, yet they have been shown to be synthesized only by photosynthetic organisms. The last decade has seen a radical change in the appreciation of the biological role of tocochromanols in plants thanks to a detailed characterization of mutant and transgenic plants, including several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, the sucrose export defective1 (sxd1) maize mutant, and some transgenic potato and tobacco lines altered in tocochromanol biosynthesis. Recent findings indicate that tocopherols may play important roles in plants beyond their antioxidant function in photosynthetic membranes. Plants deficient in tocopherols show alterations in germination and export of photoassimilates, and growth, leaf senescence, and plant responses to abiotic stresses, thus suggesting that tocopherols may influence a number of physiological processes in plants. Thus, in this review not only the antioxidant function of tocochromanols in plants, but also these new emerging possible roles will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to specific roles attributed to different tocopherol homologues (particularly alpha- and gamma-tocopherol) and the possible functions of tocotrienols, which in contrast to tocopherols are only present in a range of unrelated plant groups and are almost exclusively found in seeds and fruits.
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            Using a Chlorophyll Meter to Estimate Specific Leaf Nitrogen of Tropical Maize during Vegetative Growth

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              Produção e parâmetros fisiológicos do amendoim em função do estresse salino

              O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o a condutividade elétrica do extrato da pasta saturada do solo (CEes) e as alterações dos parâmetros fisiológicos e de produtividade da cultura do amendoim. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis frações de lixiviação, equivalentes a 40, 30, 20, 10, 5 e 0% da lâmina de água de irrigação, sendo que para a fração de lixiviação de 0% usou-se água doce (0,1 dS m-1) e para as demais água salina (3 dS m-1). Os resultados mostraram que aCEes diminuiu significativamente com o aumento das frações de lixiviação, o decréscimo do potencial osmótico foliar na planta de amendoim implicou na redução da produtividade e o teor de clorofila e a massa de matéria seca total reduziram significativamente com o aumento da CEes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ambiagua
                Revista Ambiente & Água
                Rev. Ambient. Água
                Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (Taubaté, SP, Brazil )
                1980-993X
                June 2018
                : 13
                : 3
                : e2164
                Affiliations
                [1] Campina Grande Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande orgdiv1Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais Brazil geovanisoareslima@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Cruz das Almas Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia orgdiv1Núcleo de Engenharia de Água e Solo Brazil hans@ 123456pq.cnpq.br
                Article
                S1980-993X2018000300313
                10.4136/ambi-agua.2164
                9500e6e0-14a6-49b6-8126-ddc1abc4b111

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 July 2017
                : 27 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Brazil

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                estresse salino,Malpighia emarginata,potássio.,potassium,salt stress.

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