Statistical Patterns in Movie Rating Behavior

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Abstract

Currently, users and consumers can review and rate products through online services, which provide huge databases that can be used to explore people’s preferences and unveil behavioral patterns. In this work, we investigate patterns in movie ratings, considering IMDb (the Internet Movie Database), a highly visited site worldwide, as a source. We find that the distribution of votes presents scale-free behavior over several orders of magnitude, with an exponent very close to 3/2, with exponential cutoff. It is remarkable that this pattern emerges independently of movie attributes such as average rating, age and genre, with the exception of a few genres and of high-budget films. These results point to a very general underlying mechanism for the propagation of adoption across potential audiences that is independent of the intrinsic features of a movie and that can be understood through a simple spreading model with mean-field avalanche dynamics.

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Emergence of scaling in random networks

Reka Albert, Albert-László Barabási (2000)

Systems as diverse as genetic networks or the world wide web are best described as networks with complex topology. A common property of many large networks is that the vertex connectivities follow a scale-free power-law distribution. This feature is found to be a consequence of the two generic mechanisms that networks expand continuously by the addition of new vertices, and new vertices attach preferentially to already well connected sites. A model based on these two ingredients reproduces the observed stationary scale-free distributions, indicating that the development of large networks is governed by robust self-organizing phenomena that go beyond the particulars of the individual systems.

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Jia Shao, H. Stanley, Shlomo Havlin (2009)

We propose a "nonconsensus" opinion model that allows for stable coexistence of two opinions by forming clusters of agents holding the same opinion. We study this nonconsensus model on lattices, several model complex networks, and a real-life social network. We find that the model displays a phase transition behavior characterized by a large spanning cluster of nodes holding the same opinion appearing when the concentration of nodes holding the same opinion (even minority) is above a certain threshold. Because of the clustering (community support) of agents holding the same opinion, these clusters cannot be invaded by the other opinion (similar to incompressible fluids). Our extensive simulations show that the nonconsensus opinion model appears to belong to the same universality class as invasion percolation.

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Scaling and universality in proportional elections

, (2006)

A most debated topic of the last years is whether simple statistical physics models can explain collective features of social dynamics. A necessary step in this line of endeavour is to find regularities in data referring to large scale social phenomena, such as scaling and universality. We show that, in proportional elections, the distribution of the number of votes received by candidates is a universal scaling function, identical in different countries and years. This finding reveals the existence in the voting process of a general microscopic dynamics that does not depend on the historical, political and/or economical context where voters operate. A simple dynamical model for the behaviour of voters, similar to a branching process, reproduces the universal distribution.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Wei-Xing Zhou: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date Collection: 2015

Publication date (Electronic): 31 August 2015

Volume: 10

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: e0136083

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Physics, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

[2 ]National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

East China University of Science and Technology, CHINA

Author notes

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Analyzed the data: MR AMC CA. Wrote the paper: MR AMC CA.

* E-mail: celia.fis@ 123456puc-rio.br

Article

Publisher ID: PONE-D-15-13790

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136083

PMC ID: 4555649

PubMed ID: 26322899

SO-VID: 950eaf04-8738-4d3a-9e8a-2e8d07d6505f

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

History

Date received : 6 May 2015

Date accepted : 29 July 2015

Page count

Figures: 11, Tables: 0, Pages: 17

Funding

The authors acknowledge financial support from Brazilian Agencies CNPq, CAPES and Faperj. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Custom metadata

Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.