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      Estilos de ingesta de estudiantes universitarios chilenos: ¿qué hay de nuevo? Translated title: Eating styles of Chilean university students: what´s new?

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: en la población estudiantil, el paso desde el sistema escolar al sistema universitario supone muchas veces una crisis vital normativa; uno de los desafíos centrales de esta etapa consiste en mutar desde un sistema normativo externo en permanente funcionamiento hacia la autorregulación individual del comportamiento. Uno de los ámbitos que se ven más afectados con este cambio son los hábitos de autocuidado, entre los que destacan los cambios asociados al comportamiento alimentario de los estudiantes; su mayor repercusión suele ser una ganancia de peso corporal acelerada, especialmente en los primeros años de estudio. Objetivo: caracterizar la presencia de los estilos de ingesta —la restricción alimentaria, el comer emocional y el comer externo— en una muestra de población universitaria chilena. Métodos: estudio exploratorio de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra se compuso de 1230 estudiantes universitarios (59,1 % mujeres, 41,9 % hombres) con un promedio de edad de 21 años (DE ± 3,32). Se aplicó la versión adaptada a la población chilena del cuestionario Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Resultados: los puntajes promedio de la población total para restricción alimentaria, comer emocional y comer externo fueron de 2,56, 2,48 y 3,13, respectivamente. Se observaron diferencias de género en los tres estilos de ingesta. Conclusión: el comer externo aparece como estilo de ingesta dominante sobre los otros dos. Lo anterior sería fundamental para comprender los factores que inciden en la conducta alimentaria de los estudiantes universitarios chilenos y así poder desarrollar intervenciones efectivas para consolidar hábitos alimentarios apropiados para la vida adulta.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: in the student population, the transition from the school system to the university system often involves a normative life crisis; one of the central challenges of this stage is the shift from an external normative system in permanent operation to individual self-regulation of behavior. One of the areas most affected by this change are self-care habits, including the changes associated with the eating behavior of students, which tend to have a greater impact on accelerated body weight gain, especially during the first years. Objective: to characterize the presence of eating styles—restrictive eating, emotional eating, and external eating—in a sample of Chilean university population. Methods: this was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1230 university students (59.1 % women, 41.9 % men) with a mean age of 21 years (SD ± 3.32). The version adapted to the Chilean population of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was applied. Results: the average scores of the total population for restrictive eating, emotional eating, and external eating were 2.56, 2.48, and 3.13, respectively. Gender differences were observed for all three styles. Conclusion: External eating appears as the dominant intake style. This is key to understand the factors affecting the eating behavior of Chilean university students, and then develop effective interventions to consolidate eating habits appropriate for adult life.

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          Most cited references60

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          World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

          (2013)
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            The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior

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              How emotions affect eating: a five-way model.

              Despite the importance of affective processes in eating behaviour, it remains difficult to predict how emotions affect eating. Emphasizing individual differences, previous research did not pay full attention to the twofold variability of emotion-induced changes of eating (variability across both individuals and emotions). By contrast, the present paper takes into account both individual characteristics and emotion features, and specifies five classes of emotion-induced changes of eating: (1) emotional control of food choice, (2) emotional suppression of food intake, (3) impairment of cognitive eating controls, (4) eating to regulate emotions, and (5) emotion-congruent modulation of eating. These classes are distinguished by antecedent conditions, eating responses and mediating mechanisms. They point to basic functional principles underlying the relations between emotions and biologically based motives: interference, concomitance and regulation. Thus, emotion-induced changes of eating can be a result of interference of eating by emotions, a by-product of emotions, and a consequence of regulatory processes (i.e., emotions may regulate eating, and eating may regulate emotions).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2020
                : 37
                : 4
                : 807-813
                Affiliations
                [3] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Sociales orgdiv2Departamento de Psicología Chile
                [2] Rancagua orgnameUniversidad de O’Higgins orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Sociales Chile
                [1] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética Chile
                [4] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad Católica de Temuco Chile
                Article
                S0212-16112020000500023 S0212-1611(20)03700400023
                10.20960/nh.02656
                9512cf16-4438-4a03-a3f1-4ecfa58d57c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 2019
                : 22 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Restricción alimentaria,University students,Restrictive eating,External eating,Emotional eating,Comer emocional,Estudiantes universitarios,Eating behavior,DEBQ,Conducta alimentaria,Comer externo

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