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      MitraClip ® as bridging strategy for heart transplantation in Chagas cardiomyopathy: a case report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Patients with end-stage heart failure, suffering from severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, are not eligible for heart transplant due to high mortality risk and primary graft dysfunction. Severe PH may be favoured by functional severe mitral regurgitation, which is present in many cardiopathies like end-stage Chagasic cardiomyopathy.

          Case summary

          We present a case of a young man with end-stage heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy with severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and severe PH. The patient received percutaneous correction with MitraClip® system reducing PH and making him a suitable candidate for heart transplant.

          Discussion

          In patients with advanced heart failure, FMR, and severe PH, optimal treatment according to current guide lines is recommended. MitraClip ® therapy appears to be safe and effective for control of severe PH as a bridge measure for cardiac transplantation.

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          Most cited references12

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          Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension†

          In patients with left ventricular heart failure (HF), the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are frequent and have important impact on disease progression, morbidity, and mortality, and therefore warrant clinical attention. Pulmonary hypertension related to left heart disease (LHD) by far represents the most common form of PH, accounting for 65–80% of cases. The proper distinction between pulmonary arterial hypertension and PH-LHD may be challenging, yet it has direct therapeutic consequences. Despite recent advances in the pathophysiological understanding and clinical assessment, and adjustments in the haemodynamic definitions and classification of PH-LHD, the haemodynamic interrelations in combined post- and pre-capillary PH are complex, definitions and prognostic significance of haemodynamic variables characterizing the degree of pre-capillary PH in LHD remain suboptimal, and there are currently no evidence-based recommendations for the management of PH-LHD. Here, we highlight the prevalence and significance of PH and RV dysfunction in patients with both HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and provide insights into the complex pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary interaction in LHD, which may lead to the evolution from a ‘left ventricular phenotype’ to a ‘right ventricular phenotype’ across the natural history of HF. Furthermore, we propose to better define the individual phenotype of PH by integrating the clinical context, non-invasive assessment, and invasive haemodynamic variables in a structured diagnostic work-up. Finally, we challenge current definitions and diagnostic short falls, and discuss gaps in evidence, therapeutic options and the necessity for future developments in this context.
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            Current epidemiological trends for Chagas disease in Latin America and future challenges in epidemiology, surveillance and health policy.

            Chagas disease, named after Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909, exists only on the American Continent. It is caused by a parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine bugs and via blood transfusion. Chagas disease has two successive phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase lasts six-eight weeks. Several years after entering the chronic phase, 20-35% of infected individuals, depending on the geographical area, will develop irreversible lesions of the autonomous nervous system in the heart, oesophagus and colon, and of the peripheral nervous system. Data on the prevalence and distribution of Chagas disease improved in quality during the 1980s as a result of the demographically representative cross-sectional studies in countries where accurate information was not previously available. A group of experts met in Brasilia in 1979 and devised standard protocols to carry out countrywide prevalence studies on human T. cruzi infection and triatomine house infestation. Thanks to a coordinated multi-country programme in the Southern Cone countries, the transmission of Chagas disease by vectors and via blood transfusion was interrupted in Uruguay in 1997, in Chile in 1999 and in Brazil in 2006; thus, the incidence of new infections by T. cruzi across the South American continent has decreased by 70%. Similar multi-country initiatives have been launched in the Andean countries and in Central America and rapid progress has been reported towards the goal of interrupting the transmission of Chagas disease, as requested by a 1998 Resolution of the World Health Assembly. The cost-benefit analysis of investment in the vector control programme in Brazil indicates that there are savings of US$17 in medical care and disabilities for each dollar spent on prevention, showing that the programme is a health investment with very high return. Many well-known research institutions in Latin America were key elements of a worldwide network of laboratories that carried out basic and applied research supporting the planning and evaluation of national Chagas disease control programmes. The present article reviews the current epidemiological trends for Chagas disease in Latin America and the future challenges in terms of epidemiology, surveillance and health policy.
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              Acute haemodynamic changes after percutaneous mitral valve repair: relation to mid-term outcomes.

              Percutaneous mitral valve repair (MVR) using the Evalve MitraClip has been recently introduced as a potential alternative to surgical MVR.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Handling Editor
                Role: Editor
                Role: Editor
                Role: Editor
                Role: Editor
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                Eur Heart J Case Rep
                Eur Heart J Case Rep
                ehjcr
                European Heart Journal: Case Reports
                Oxford University Press
                2514-2119
                February 2020
                18 January 2020
                18 January 2020
                : 4
                : 1
                : 1-5
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Universidad El Bosque , Calle 163A # 13B-60, Bogotá 110131595, Colombia
                [2 ] Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Universidad El Bosque , Calle 163A # 13B-60, Bogotá, Colombia
                [3 ] Division of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Universidad El Bosque , Calle 163A # 13B-60, Bogotá, Colombia
                [4 ] Division of Cardiology, Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Universidad El Bosque , Calle 163A # 13B-60, Bogotá, Colombia
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. Tel: +57 321 322 8487, Fax: +57 1 6672708, Email: juanfevasquez8@ 123456gmail.com ; jvasquez@ 123456cardioinfantil.org
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-1780
                Article
                ytz238
                10.1093/ehjcr/ytz238
                7245051
                9541a6ef-9ffb-47ce-9349-371abb8f9128
                © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                : 24 July 2019
                : 28 August 2019
                : 13 December 2019
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Case Reports
                Heart Failure

                case report,heart failure,chagasic cardiomyopathy mitraclip®,pulmonary hypertension,heart transplant

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