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      Effect of Pictograms on Readability of Patient Information Materials

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      Annals of Pharmacotherapy
      SAGE Publications

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          A PIL for every ill? Patient information leaflets (PILs): a review of past, present and future use.

          This article reviews the usefulness and importance of written information, specifically leaflets, being given to patients. Evidence suggesting how both patient and doctor may benefit from the giving of written information is reviewed. Identification of good practice relating to the content and readability of leaflets is discussed. An argument is put forward that the giving of written information is an under-utilized resource in contributing to improving patient outcomes but that this may be changing with the increasing use of patient leaflet databases. The advantages and disadvantages of computer-generated patient leaflets are discussed and desirable further areas of research on computer-generated leaflets are proposed.
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            The evaluation of pharmaceutical pictograms in a low-literate South African population.

            An inability to read and understand written medication instructions may be a major contributory factor to non-compliance in certain patient populations, particularly in countries with a high illiteracy rate such as South Africa. Twenty three pictograms from the USP-DI and a corresponding set of 23 locally developed, culturally sensitive pictograms for conveying medication instructions were evaluated in 46 Xhosa respondents who had attended school for a maximum of 7 years. Respondents were tested for their interpretation of all 46 pictograms at the first interview and again 3 weeks later. The correct meaning of each pictogram was explained at the end of the first interview. Preference for either the Local or USP pictograms was determined. At the follow-up interview, 20 of the Local pictograms complied with the ANSI criterion of >/=85% comprehension, compared with 11 of the USP pictograms. Respondents indicated an overwhelming preference for the Local pictograms.
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              Patient information leaflets for medicines: using consumer testing to determine the most effective design.

              Comprehensive medicine information leaflets for patients are now mandatory across the European Union. In 1997, the European Commission (EC) proposed a prescriptive 'model' for the leaflets and a method for consumer testing. This exploratory study compared consumers' ability to use a leaflet based on the EC model leaflet and an alternative leaflet based on best practice in information design (Mark II). The leaflets were tested in two matched groups of 20 consumers, who were required to find, and understand, 15 pieces of information in the leaflets. The target that each question should be answered correctly by 16 out of 20 consumers, was achieved for three of the 15 points in the EC leaflet, compared with eight in the Mark II leaflet. Open questioning confirmed the problems with the EC leaflet, including a failure to understand key concepts about medicine interactions and contraindications. This research demonstrates the benefits of consumer testing, ensuring that leaflets are patient-orientated. A rigid model leaflet would prevent these benefits from being utilised.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annals of Pharmacotherapy
                Ann Pharmacother
                SAGE Publications
                1060-0280
                1542-6270
                July 2003
                July 2003
                : 37
                : 7-8
                : 1003-1009
                Article
                10.1345/aph.1C449
                12841808
                95697546-59ca-4098-838b-5acf24de9aec
                © 2003

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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