5
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Candidiasis sistémica en pacientes críticos, factores predictores de riesgo Translated title: Systemic candidiasis in critical patients: risk predictors

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Candida sp. constituye el microorganismo más frecuentemente implicado en las infecciones por hongos en pacientes críticamente enfermos. La candidemia es la forma más común de candidiasis invasiva, ingresando al torrente sanguíneo por el tracto gastrointestinal y la piel. A nivel mundial la candidemia se destaca como una de las principales causas de morbilidad con aumentos significativos en la incidencia y prevalencia en los últimos años. Además, eleva los costos de la atención hospitalaria. Aunque diversos estudios demuestran que el inicio temprano del tratamiento antifúngico mejora el pronóstico de los pacientes, se tienen dificultades con las pruebas diagnósticas existentes, debido a que no tienen un nivel adecuado de sensibilidad y un óptimo rendimiento. Por tal razón, en la actualidad se vienen utilizando diversos índices clínicos predictores de candidiasis invasiva como Ostrosky, Candida Score, Escala de Pittet, entre otros, los cuales tienen un alto valor predictivo negativo que permite reconocer los pacientes que no se benefician de un inicio temprano de un tratamiento antifúngico mientras se confirma el diagnóstico por laboratorio. La terapia antifúngica disponible para el tratamiento de las candidemias en UCI está compuesta básicamente por tres grupos de medicamentos, los azoles, los polienos y las equinocandinas. A pesar de la validación de los índices predictores de candidiasis invasiva en otros países, se desconoce cuál de estos sería el más efectivo para predecir esta patología en la región

          Translated abstract

          Candida sp. is the microorganism most frequently involved in fungal infections in critically ill patients. Candidemia is the most common form of invasive candidiasis entering the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract and skin. Worldwide candidemia stands out as one of the leading causes of morbidity with significant increases in its incidence and prevalence in recent years. In addition, it raises the costs of hospital care. Although several studies show that early initiation of antifungal treatment improves patients’ prognosis, there are difficulties with existing diagnostic tests, because they do not have an adequate level of sensitivity and optimum performance. For this reason, various clinical indices are currently being used as predictors of invasive candidiasis, such as Ostrosky Candida Score, Candida Score, Pittet Candida Colonization Index, among others, which have a high negative predictive value that allows to recognize patients who do not benefit from an early initiation of an antifungal treatment while the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory. Antifungal therapy available for the treatment of candidemia in the ICU consists basically of three groups of drugs: azoles, polyenes and echinocandins. Despite the validation of predictors of invasive candidiasis in other countries, it is still unknown which of these would be the most effective for predicting this disease in the region

          Related collections

          Most cited references63

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Epidemiology and risk factors for invasive candidiasis

          Nur Yapar (2014)
          The number of immunosuppressive patients has increased significantly in recent years. These patients are at risk for opportunistic infections, especially fungal infections. Candidiasis is one of the most frequent fungal infections determined in these immunosuppressive patients and its epidemiology has changed over the last two decades. Recently, new antifungal agents and new therapy strategies such as antifungal prophylaxis, secondary prophylaxis, and preemptive therapy have come into use. These changes resulted in the alteration of Candida species causing invasive infections. The incidence of Candida albicans was decreased in many countries, especially among patients with immunosuppressive disorders, while the incidence of species other than C. albicans was increased. In this review, incidence, risk factors, and species distribution of invasive candidiasis are discussed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Multicenter retrospective development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for nosocomial invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting.

            The study presented here was performed in order to create a rule that identifies subjects at high risk for invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting. Retrospective review and statistical modelling were carried out on 2,890 patients who stayed at least 4 days in nine hospitals in the USA and Brazil; the overall incidence of invasive candidiasis in this group was 3% (88 cases). The best performing rule was as follows: Any systemic antibiotic (days 1-3) OR presence of a central venous catheter (days 1-3) AND at least TWO of the following-total parenteral nutrition (days 1-3), any dialysis (days 1-3), any major surgery (days -7-0), pancreatitis (days -7-0), any use of steroids (days -7-3), or use of other immunosuppressive agents (days -7-0). The rate of invasive candidiasis among patients meeting the rule was 9.9%, capturing 34% of cases in the units, with the following performance: relative risk 4.36, sensitivity 0.34, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.01, and negative predictive value 0.97. The rule may identify patients at high risk of invasive candidiasis.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and outcome of candidemia across five sites in Italy and Spain.

              Candidemia has become an important bloodstream infection that is frequently associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, and its growing incidence is related to complex medical and surgical procedures. We conducted a multicenter study in five tertiary care teaching hospitals in Italy and Spain and evaluated the epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibilities, and outcomes of candidemia episodes. In the period of 2008 to 2010, 995 episodes of candidemia were identified in these hospitals. The overall incidence of candidemia was 1.55 cases per 1,000 admissions and remained stable during the 3-year analysis. Candida albicans was the leading agent of infection (58.4%), followed by Candida parapsilosis complex (19.5%), Candida tropicalis (9.3%), and Candida glabrata (8.3%). The majority of the candidemia episodes were found in the internal medicine department (49.6%), followed by the surgical ward, the intensive care unit (ICU), and the hemato-oncology ward. Out of 955 patients who were eligible for evaluation, 381 (39.9%) died within 30 days from the onset of candidemia. Important differences in the 30-day mortality rates were noted between institutions: the lowest mortality rate was in the Barcelona hospital, and the highest rate was in the Udine hospital (33.6% versus 51%, respectively; P = 0.0005). Overall, 5.1% of the 955 isolates tested were resistant or susceptible dose dependent (SDD) to fluconazole, with minor differences between the hospitals in Italy and Spain (5.7% versus 3.5%, respectively; P = 0.2). Higher MICs for caspofungin were found, especially with C. parapsilosis complex (MIC90, 1 μg/ml). Amphotericin B had the lowest MICs. This report shows that candidemia is a significant source of morbidity in Europe, causing a substantial burden of disease and mortality.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                hm
                Horizonte Médico (Lima)
                Horiz. Med.
                Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana (Lima, , Peru )
                1727-558X
                January 2018
                : 18
                : 1
                : 75-85
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S1727-558X2018000100011
                10.24265/horizmed.2018.v18n1.11
                95744395-9fca-470f-8a1a-71761b26b1df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 November 2016
                : 15 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 69, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículos de revisión

                candidiasis,infection,Candida albicans,candidemia,candidiasis invasiva,infección,invasive

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content730

                Cited by3

                Most referenced authors879