Alterations of Serum Uric Acid Level and Gut Microbiota After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Hyperuricemic Rat Model

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Abstract

Background

The objective of this study was to observe alterations of serum uric acid (SUA) level and gut microbiota after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in a hyperuricemic rat model.

Method

We performed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in a hyperuricemic rat model. Serum uric acid (UA), xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, IL-6, TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level changes, and 16S rDNA of gut microbiota were analyzed.

Results

After the surgery, the RYGB and SG procedures significantly reduced body weight, serum UA, IL-6, TNF-α and LPS levels, and XO activity. In addition, the RYGB and SG procedures altered the diversity and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota. Compared with Sham group, RYGB and SG procedures were enriched in the abundance of phylum Verrucomicrobia and species Akkermansia muciniphila, while the species Escherichia coli was reduced.

Discussion

We here concluded that bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and resolution of inflammatory remarkers as well as changes of gut microbiota may be responsible for the reduced XO activity and SUA level. To have a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of UA metabolism following bariatric surgery, further research is needed.

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Most cited references 22

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A Review of Uric Acid, Crystal Deposition Disease, and Gout

Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Nicola Dalbeth, Tomas Bardin (2014)

There has been increased interest in gout in both academic and clinical practice settings. Several reasons may explain this. The prevalence of both hyperuricemia and gout has risen in the last decades in developed countries and therefore the burden of gout has increased. The association of hyperuricemia and gout with cardiovascular outcomes and the opportunity of further benefits of intervention on hyperuricemia have been recently highlighted in the literature. Imaging techniques have proven to be useful for detection of urate deposition, even prior to the first clinical symptoms, enabling the evaluation of the extent of deposition and providing objective measurement of crystal depletion during urate-lowering treatment. Treating to target is increasingly used as the approach to treatment of diverse diseases. Therefore, different targets have been recommended for different stages of the burden of disease and for different stages of treatment. The final strategic target, to which any effort should be taken into consideration, is to completely dissolve urate crystals in tissues and therefore avoid further symptoms and structural damage of involved musculoskeletal structures. In summary, evidence suggest that an early approach to the treatment of gout and associated comorbidities is advisable, that new imaging techniques may help to evaluate both the burden of deposition and response to urate-lowering treatment in selected patients, and finally that the final strategic objective of healthcare for patients with gout is to completely resolve urate crystal deposits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-014-0175-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The gut microbiota and the metabolic health of the host.

Susan Joyce, Cormac Gahan (2014)

It is clear that the metabolic activities of the gut microbiota significantly impact upon human health and disease.

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Reduction in endotoxemia, oxidative and inflammatory stress, and insulin resistance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Scott V Monte, Joseph Caruana, Husam Ghanim … (2012)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in profound weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism of this remarkable transition remains poorly defined. It has been proposed that endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) sets inflammatory tone, triggers weight gain, and initiates T2DM. Because RYGB may diminish LPS from endogenous and exogenous sources, we hypothesized that LPS and the associated cascade of oxidative and inflammatory stress would diminish after RYGB. Fifteen adults with morbid obesity and T2DM undergoing RYGB were studied. After an overnight fast, a baseline blood sample was collected the morning of surgery and at 180 days to assess changes in glycemia, insulin resistance, LPS, mononuclear cell nuclear factor (NF)-κB binding and mRNA expression of CD14, TLR-2, TLR-4, and markers of inflammatory stress. At 180 days after RYGB, subjects had a significant decrease in body mass index (52.1 ± 13.0 to 40.4 ± 11.1), plasma glucose (148 ± 8 to 101 ± 4 mg/dL), insulin (18.5 ± 2.2 mμU/mL to 8.6 ± 1.0 mμU/mL) and HOMA-IR (7.1 ± 1.1 to 2.1 ± 0.3). Plasma LPS significantly reduced by 20 ± 5% (0.567 ± 0.033 U/mL to 0.443 ± 0.022 E U/mL). NF-κB DNA binding decreased significantly by 21 ± 8%, whereas TLR-4, TLR-2, and CD-14 expression decreased significantly by 25 ± 9%, 42 ± 8%, and 27 ± 10%, respectively. Inflammatory mediators CRP, MMP-9, and MCP-1 decreased significantly by 47 ± 7% (10.7 ± 1.6 mg/L to 5.8 ± 1.0 mg/L), 15 ± 6% (492 ± 42 ng/mL to 356 ± 26 ng/mL) and 11 ± 4% (522 ± 35 ng/mL to 466 ± 35 ng/mL), respectively. LPS, NF-κB DNA binding, TLR-4, TLR-2, and CD14 expression, CRP, MMP-9, and MCP-1 decreased significantly after RYGB. The mechanism underlying resolution of insulin resistance and T2DM after RYGB may be attributable, at least in part, to the reduction of endotoxemia and associated proinflammatory mediators. Copyright Â© 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Cunlong Lu:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-1883

lucunlong1990@163.com

Yu Li: liyu11920@hotmail.com

Long Li: lilong215308259@163.com

Ying Kong: ky46@163.com

Tuo Shi: 821624714@qq.com

Hai Xiao: 13706333195@163.com

Shougen Cao: briancao@126.com

Houxin Zhu: 1031088427@qq.com

Zequn Li: 1060391520@qq.com

Yanbing Zhou: zhouyanbing999@aliyun.com.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Obes Surg

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Obes Surg

Title: Obesity Surgery

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 0960-8923

ISSN (Electronic): 1708-0428

Publication date (Electronic): 2 March 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 2 March 2020

Publication date (Print): 2020

Volume: 30

Issue: 5

Pages: 1799-1807

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Ju Xian, Rizhao, 276500 Shandong China

[2 ]GRID grid.412521.1, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, ; Qingdao, 266000 Shandong China

[3 ]Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400 Shandong China

[4 ]Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, No.6 Jiankang Road, Central District, Jining City, Shandong Province China

[5 ]GRID grid.489934.b, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, , Baoji Central Hospital, ; Baoji, Shanxi Province China

Author information

Cunlong Lu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-1883

Article

Publisher ID: 4328

DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04328-y

PMC ID: 7228899

PubMed ID: 32124218

SO-VID: 95853d70-5bd6-414c-9c26-df49a7a7eb0b

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Funding

Funded by: Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation

Award ID: ZR2012HM046

Award Recipient : Yanbing Zhou

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery

Keywords: roux-en-y gastric bypass,sleeve gastrectomy,serum uric acid,gut microbiota,lipopolysaccharides,xanthine oxidase

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery

Keywords: roux-en-y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, serum uric acid, gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharides, xanthine oxidase

Alterations of Serum Uric Acid Level and Gut Microbiota After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Hyperuricemic Rat Model

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SICOT-J (Orthopedic surgery and traumatology)

Most cited references 22

A Review of Uric Acid, Crystal Deposition Disease, and Gout

The gut microbiota and the metabolic health of the host.

Reduction in endotoxemia, oxidative and inflammatory stress, and insulin resistance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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