9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Fasciola hepatica association with gallbladder malignancy: A rare case report

      case-report

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Fasciolopsis is one of the rarest parasitic infestations in our locality. The usual definitive host is the sheep; humans are accidental hosts in the life cycle of a liver fluke – Fasciola. In the chronic phage of Fasciolopsis, the patient presents with cholestasis and cholangitis. Yet, there is no proof of association of this parasite with carcinoma of the gallbladder. We here present such a case of Fasciolopsis in association with Stage IV gallbladder malignancy. Fasciola worms were extracted on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography done as a palliative measure for associated obstructive jaundice. The chronic phase of this zoonotic infection can be easily misdiagnosed as any other cause of obstructive jaundice if not properly investigated. The importance of repeated stool examination for parasitic ova and cysts should never be understated as it may help in early diagnosis of such treatable conditions as well as preventing the complications.

          Related collections

          Most cited references15

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome

          Gallbladder cancer, though generally considered rare, is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, accounting for 80%–95% of biliary tract cancers. An early diagnosis is essential as this malignancy progresses silently with a late diagnosis, often proving fatal. Its carcinogenesis follows a progression through a metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma sequence. This comprehensive review focuses on and explores the risks, management, and outcomes for primary gallbladder carcinoma. Epidemiological studies have identified striking geographic and ethnic disparities – inordinately high occurrence in American Indians, elevated in Southeast Asia, yet quite low elsewhere in the Americas and the world. Age, female sex, congenital biliary tract anomalies, and a genetic predisposition represent important risk factors that are immutable. Environmental triggers play a critical role in eliciting cancer developing in the gallbladder, best exemplified by cholelithiasis and chronic inflammation from biliary tract and parasitic infections. Mortality rates closely follow incidence; those countries with the highest prevalence of gallstones experience the greatest mortality from gallbladder cancer. Vague symptoms often delay the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer, contributing to its overall progression and poor outcome. Surgery represents the only potential for cure. Some individuals are fortunate to be incidentally found to have gallbladder cancer at the time of cholecystectomy being performed for cholelithiasis. Such an early diagnosis is imperative as a late presentation connotes advanced staging, nodal involvement, and possible recurrence following attempted resection. Overall mean survival is a mere 6 months, while 5-year survival rate is only 5%. The dismal prognosis, in part, relates to the gallbladder lacking a serosal layer adjacent to the liver, enabling hepatic invasion and metastatic progression. Improved imaging modalities are helping to diagnose patients at an earlier stage. The last decade has witnessed improved outcomes as aggressive surgical management and preoperative adjuvant therapy has helped prolong survival in patients with gallbladder cancer. In the future, the development of potential diagnostic markers for disease will yield screening opportunities for those at risk either with ethnic susceptibility or known anatomic anomalies of the biliary tract. Meanwhile, clarification of the value of prophylactic cholecystectomy should provide an opportunity for secondary prevention. Primary prevention will arrive once the predictive biomarkers and environmental risk factors are more clearly identified.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Update on hepatobiliary flukes: fascioliasis, opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis.

            Hepatobiliary flukes--Fasciola, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis- are a major public health problem in east Asia, east Europe, Africa and Latin America. The present review focuses on current knowledge of clinical, diagnostic and treatment aspects caused by hepatobiliary flukes that can be applied to current protocols in endemic areas. Specific risk factors and geographic areas for these flukes have been heavily reported recently, with millions of people infected worldwide. Human cases in nonendemic areas, related to immigration and the international food trade (i.e. raw vegetables and fish), have also been reported. Diagnostic imaging changes include track-like lesions that are a characteristic feature of acute fascioliasis on computed tomography scanning of the liver. Newly available diagnostic serological tests may detect early infection and, therefore, help reduce severe clinical complications such as recurrent cholangitis, cholecystitis, hepatic tumours, cysts, calcification, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, most importantly, cholangiocarcinoma related to Opisthorchis viverrini and possibly Clonorchis sinensis, and liver fibrosis associated with Fasciola hepatica infections. Highly effective antiparasitic treatment is available for all flukes. There is a better understanding of risk factors, clinical manifestations and complications, novel diagnosis tests and effective treatment, which together should help reduce the morbidity and mortality of these infections.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Fascioliasis: An Ongoing Zoonotic Trematode Infection

              Zoonotic trematode infections are an area of the neglected tropical diseases that have become of major interest to global and public health due to their associated morbidity. Human fascioliasis is a trematode zoonosis of interest in public health. It affects approximately 50 million people worldwide and over 180 million are at risk of infection in both developed and underdeveloped countries. The one health paradigm is an area that seeks to address the problem of zoonotic infections through a comprehensive and sustainable approach. This review attempts to address the major challenges in managing human and animal fascioliasis with valuable insights gained from the one health paradigm to global health and multidisciplinary integration.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Trop Parasitol
                Trop Parasitol
                TP
                Tropical Parasitology
                Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                2229-5070
                2229-7758
                Jan-Jun 2021
                14 May 2021
                : 11
                : 1
                : 42-45
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Microbiology, SLN Medical College & Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India
                [1 ]Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, S ‘O’ A Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
                [2 ]Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, S ‘O’ A Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Sarita Otta, 1/16, Kanchanjunga Enclaves, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. E-mail: saritaotta@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                TP-11-42
                10.4103/tp.TP_25_20
                8213112
                34195060
                95878779-ad0b-4f4f-baab-708f4e9b46e1
                Copyright: © 2021 Tropical Parasitology

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 17 March 2020
                : 23 May 2020
                : 30 May 2020
                Categories
                Dispatches

                endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,fasciola hepatica,gallbladder malignancy

                Comments

                Comment on this article