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      An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases in northern Pakistan

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          Abstract

          Background

          Skin diseases are a major health concern especially in association with human immune deficiency syndrome and acquired an immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to document the ethnomedicinal information of plants used to treat skin diseases in Northern Pakistan. This is the first quantitative ethnobotanical study of therapeutic herbs utilized by the indigenous people of Northern Pakistan for skin diseases.

          Methods

          Interviews were taken to obtain information from 180 participants. Quantitative methods including fidelity level (FL), Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV), Jaccard indices (JI), Family importance value (FIV), Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and Chi-square test were applied. Medicinal plants uses are also compared with 50 national and international publications.

          Results

          In this study, we recorded 106 plant species belonged to 56 floral families for treatment of skin ailments. The dominant life form reported was herb while the preferred method of utilization was powder, along with leaf as the most used plant part. RFC ranges from 0.07 to 0.25% whereas the highest FIV was recorded for family Pteridaceae. FL values range from 36.8 to 100%. The study reported 88% of new plant reports for the treatment of skin diseases.

          Conclusion

          The present study revealed the importance of several plants used to treat skin diseases by the local communities of Northern Pakistan. The available literature supported the evidence of plant dermatological properties. Plants having high UV and RFC can be considered for further scientific analysis. There is dire need to create awareness among local, government and scientific communities for the preservation of medicinal species and ethnomedicinal knowledge in Northern Pakistan.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                khafsamalik786@gmail.com
                mushtaqflora@hotmail.com
                catlacatla@hotmail.com
                rullah@ksu.edu.sa
                harshad@ksu.edu.sa
                drbushraparveen@gmail.com
                neelam.must@gmail.com
                shaziaflora@hotmail.com
                nasarshah67@gmail.com
                lubnafareed91@gmail.com
                Journal
                BMC Complement Altern Med
                BMC Complement Altern Med
                BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                BioMed Central (London )
                1472-6882
                13 August 2019
                13 August 2019
                2019
                : 19
                : 210
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
                [2 ]GRID grid.440562.1, Government Postgraduate College Women, UOG (University of Gujrat) Sub- Campus Rawalpindi, ; Rawalpindi, Pakistan
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2215 1297, GRID grid.412621.2, Department of Plant Sciences, , Quaid-i-Azam University, ; Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9339 5152, GRID grid.458441.8, Center for Natural Products Lab, , Chengdu Institute of Biology, ; Sichuan, China
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, GRID grid.56302.32, Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous plant Research Centre (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, , King Saud University, ; box 2457, Riyadh, PO 11451 Saudi Arabia
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, GRID grid.56302.32, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, , King Saud University, ; box 2457, Riyadh, PO 11451 Saudi Arabia
                Article
                2605
                10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6
                6693210
                31409400
                9589f126-c871-4bae-a760-8844528087ec
                © The Author(s). 2019

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 25 September 2018
                : 19 July 2019
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                skin diseases,medicinal plant,northern pakistan,traditional,ethnomedicines

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