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      International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting of Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sports 2020 (Including the STROBE Extension for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

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      International Olympic Committee Injury and Illness Epidemiology Consensus Group, , MD, PhD * , , PT, PhD, , MD, PhD, , MD, PhD, , PT, PhD, , PhD, , PT, PhD, , PhD, , MBBS, MSc, , MD, PhD, , PhD, , MD, PhD, , MD, PhD, , MD, PhD, , MD, PhD, MPH, , PhD, , MD, , MD, PhD, , PhD, , PhD, , MD, PhD, , PhD, , DPhil, , MD, , MD, PhD, , MD, , PhD
      Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
      SAGE Publications
      injuries, illness, epidemiologic methods, surveillance, STROBE

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport- or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illnesses) epidemiology to date.

          Objective:

          To further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions, and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension.

          Study Design:

          Consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

          Methods:

          The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups, and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019.

          Results:

          This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems, severity of health problems, capturing and reporting athlete exposure, expressing risk, burden of health problems, study population characteristics, and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE extension—the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS).

          Conclusion:

          The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programs and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes, and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. The implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.

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          Most cited references93

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          Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability-adjusted life years.

          C J Murray (1994)
          Detailed assumptions used in constructing a new indicator of the burden of disease, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), are presented. Four key social choices in any indicator of the burden of disease are carefully reviewed. First, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of calculating the duration of life lost due to a death at each age are discussed. DALYs use a standard expected-life lost based on model life-table West Level 26. Second, the value of time lived at different ages is captured in DALYs using an exponential function which reflects the dependence of the young and the elderly on adults. Third, the time lived with a disability is made comparable with the time lost due to premature mortality by defining six classes of disability severity. Assigned to each class is a severity weight between 0 and 1. Finally, a three percent discount rate is used in the calculation of DALYs. The formula for calculating DALYs based on these assumptions is provided.
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            Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport.

            Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a growing cause of concern, as these injuries can have serious consequences for the athlete with a greatly increased risk of early osteoarthrosis. Using specific training programmes, it may be possible to reduce the incidence of knee and ankle injuries. However, it is not known which programme components are the key to preventing knee and ankle injuries or how the exercises work to reduce injury risk. Our ability to design specific prevention programmes, whether through training or other preventive measures, is currently limited by an incomplete understanding of the causes of injuries. A multifactorial approach should be used to account for all the factors involved-that is, the internal and external risk factors as well as the inciting event (the injury mechanism). Although such models have been presented previously, we emphasise the need to use a comprehensive model, which accounts for the events leading to the injury situation (playing situation, player and opponent behaviour), as well as to include a description of whole body and joint biomechanics at the time of injury.
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              • Article: not found

              Injuries affect team performance negatively in professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study.

              The influence of injuries on team performance in football has only been scarcely investigated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Orthop J Sports Med
                Orthop J Sports Med
                OJS
                spojs
                Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2325-9671
                18 February 2020
                February 2020
                : 8
                : 2
                : 2325967120902908
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]Roald Bahr, MD, PhD, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway (email: roald@ 123456nih.no ).

                This article has been co-published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Minor differences exist between the 2 versions to be consistent with OJSM editorial style.

                Article
                10.1177_2325967120902908
                10.1177/2325967120902908
                7029549
                32118084
                959b749e-e130-4d58-a651-f70c812683d4
                © The Author(s) 2020

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 30 December 2019
                : 3 January 2020
                Categories
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                injuries,illness,epidemiologic methods,surveillance,strobe
                injuries, illness, epidemiologic methods, surveillance, strobe

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