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      The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events?

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The massive occurrence of jellyfish in several areas of the world is reported annually, but most of the data come from the northern hemisphere and often refer to a restricted group of species that are not in the genus Cassiopea. This study records a massive, clonal and non-native population of Cassiopea and discusses the possible scenarios that resulted in the invasion of the Brazilian coast by these organisms. The results indicate that this jellyfish might have invaded the Brazilian coast multiple times.

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          MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability

          We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.
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            IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies

            Large phylogenomics data sets require fast tree inference methods, especially for maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenies. Fast programs exist, but due to inherent heuristics to find optimal trees, it is not clear whether the best tree is found. Thus, there is need for additional approaches that employ different search strategies to find ML trees and that are at the same time as fast as currently available ML programs. We show that a combination of hill-climbing approaches and a stochastic perturbation method can be time-efficiently implemented. If we allow the same CPU time as RAxML and PhyML, then our software IQ-TREE found higher likelihoods between 62.2% and 87.1% of the studied alignments, thus efficiently exploring the tree-space. If we use the IQ-TREE stopping rule, RAxML and PhyML are faster in 75.7% and 47.1% of the DNA alignments and 42.2% and 100% of the protein alignments, respectively. However, the range of obtaining higher likelihoods with IQ-TREE improves to 73.3-97.1%.
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              ModelFinder: Fast Model Selection for Accurate Phylogenetic Estimates

              Model-based molecular phylogenetics plays an important role in comparisons of genomic data, and model selection is a key step in all such analyses. We present ModelFinder, a fast model-selection method that greatly improves the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates. The improvement is achieved by incorporating a model of rate-heterogeneity across sites not previously considered in this context, and by allowing concurrent searches of model-space and tree-space.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                zool
                Zoologia (Curitiba)
                Zoologia (Curitiba)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1984-4670
                1984-4689
                2020
                : 37
                : e50834
                Affiliations
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências orgdiv2Departamento de Zoologia Brazil
                [1] Assis orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Laboratório de Evolução e Diversidade Aquática Brazil
                [3] Maceió AL orgnameInstituto do Meio Ambiente de Alagoas Brazil
                [5] Penedo orgnameUniversidade Federal de Alagoas orgdiv1Unidade Educacional de Penedo orgdiv2Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação Brazil
                [6] São Sebastião orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Centro de Biologia Marinha Brazil
                [4] Maceió Alagoas orgnameInstituto Biota de Conservação Brazil
                Article
                S1984-46702020000100324 S1984-4670(20)03700000324
                10.3897/zoologia.37.e50834
                95d22d39-62dc-4c08-943b-fe7e8db3aed5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 September 2020
                : 05 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Research Article

                jellyfish bloom,Invasive species,non-native species,medusa

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