The Persian, Last 7-day, Long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: Translation and Validation Study

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Abstract

Purpose

To translate long form, interview-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) from English to Persian and evaluate its validity, reliability and reproducibility.

Methods

A forward-backward translation procedure was followed to develop the Persian version of the IPAQ. A total of 218 respondents (53.7% women, aged 22–76 yr) completed the Persian version in Tehran, Iran. To examine the test–retest reliability, 48 healthy volunteers completed the IPAQ twice during a 7-day period.. The PA indicators derived from the IPAQ were assessed for reliability and were compared with aerobic fitness and body mass index (BMI) for construct validity.

Results

In general, the questionnaire was received well and all domains met the minimum reliability standards (intra-class correlation [ICC]>0.7), except for Leisure-time physical activity (PA). Aerobic fitness showed a weak positive correlation with all of the PA results derived from the IPAQ. A significant correlation was observed between the IPAQ data for total PA and both aerobic fitness ( r=0.33, P<0.001) and BMI ( r=0.26, P<0.001). Performing a known group comparison analysis, the results indicated that the questionnaire was discriminated well between the subgroups of the study samples expected to be different in their physical activity.

Conclusions

The Persian version of the long form, interview-administered IPAQ had an acceptable reliability and validity for assessing total PA in our Iranian sample of individuals. It may be a useful instrument for generating internationally comparable data on PA.

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Most cited references 21

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Psychometric Theory.

J Nunnally, I Bernstein, JC Nunnally … (1994)

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Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women.

S N Blair, J Kampert, H W Kohl … (1996)

To quantify the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and to all-cause mortality within strata of other personal characteristics that predispose to early mortality. DESIGN--Observational cohort study. We calculated CVD and all-cause death rates for low (least fit 20%), moderate (next 40%), and high (most fit 40%) fitness categories by strata of smoking habit, cholesterol level, blood pressure, and health status. Preventive medicine clinic. Participants were 25341 men and 7080 women who completed preventive medical examinations, including a maximal exercise test. Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. There were 601 deaths during 211996 man-years of follow-up, and 89 deaths during 52982 woman-years of follow-up. Independent predictors of mortality among men, with adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were low fitness (RR, 1.52;95% CI, 1.28-1.82), smoking (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.39-1.97), abnormal electrocardiogram (RR, 1.64;95% CI, 1.34-2.01), chronic illness (RR, 1.63;95% CI, 1.37-1.95), increased cholesterol level (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.59), and elevated systolic blood pressure (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.59). The only statistically significant independent predictors of mortality in women were low fitness (RR, 2.10; 95% Cl, 1.36-3.21) and smoking (RR, 1.99; 95% Cl, 1.25-3.17). Inverse gradients were seen for mortality across fitness categories within strata of other mortality predictors for both sexes. Fit persons with any combination of smoking, elevated blood pressure, or elevated cholesterol level had lower adjusted death rates than low-fit persons with none of these characteristics. Low fitness is an important precursor of mortality. The protective effect of fitness held for smokers and nonsmokers, those with and without elevated cholesterol levels or elevated blood pressure, and unhealthy and healthy persons. Moderate fitness seems to protect against the influence of these other predictors on mortality. Physicians should encourage sedentary patients to become physically active and thereby reduce the risk of premature mortality.

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Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample.

R Rzewnicki, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Yves Vanden Auweele (2003)

To examine a possible problem of overreporting and to describe the degree of error with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short telephone protocol. Cross-sectional study, using two different physical activity (PA) self-report protocols. Telephone interviews about PA in Belgium. Fifty adults who had previously been interviewed with IPAQ in a national survey. Seventy-five per cent reported less PA with the modified procedure than with the IPAQ. Twenty-three of the 50 individuals were found to have reported some amounts of PA with the IPAQ (either walking, or vigorous or moderate PA) when they should have reported none. In total, based on their revised reports of PA, 50% fewer persons met PA recommendations than was the case with IPAQ. The overreporting could not be related to types of error-prone individuals. Overreporting of PA in population samples is a serious problem that could be reduced by implementing procedure changes without changing the IPAQ items themselves.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Asian J Sports Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): ASJSM

Title: Asian Journal of Sports Medicine

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 2008-000X

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-7209

Publication date (Print): June 2011

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Pages: 106-116

Affiliations

[1 ]Sports Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[2 ]Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[3 ]School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Author notes

[* ] Corresponding Author: Address: Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran E-mail: avasheghani@ 123456sina.tums.ac.ir

Article

Publisher ID: ASJSM-2-106

DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34781

PMC ID: 3289200

PubMed ID: 22375226

SO-VID: 95efc564-efe7-4aa4-b727-29d1410adf48

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

The Persian, Last 7-day, Long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: Translation and Validation Study

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Abstract

Purpose

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Conclusions

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Chinese Journal of School Health

Most cited references 21

Psychometric Theory.

Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women.

Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample.

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