Prevalence of  Toxoplasma gondii  and  Neospora caninum  infections in households sheep “Elevage en case” in Dakar, Senegal

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Abstract

Aim:

The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii and anti- Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep breeding in a particular husbandry system called “Elevage en case” in Dakar, Senegal.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 278 sheep. Serum was harvested and used for analysis. For the detection of T. gondii antibodies, 278 sera were analyzed using the modified agglutination test, while the enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was used on 174 sheep sera to look for N. caninum antibodies.

Results:

This study showed that 29.4±6.8% of sheep carried both T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies. The overall prevalence was 60.1±5.7% and 41.9±7.3% for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, respectively. For toxoplasmosis, the prevalence was higher in Gueule Tapée (63.3%) than in Medina (58.9%), but the variation was not significant (p=0.45). Regarding the age of animals, the prevalence was significantly higher in animals over 2 years old compared to those under 2 years old (p=0.002). For neosporosis, the prevalence was significantly higher in Medina (48.67%) than Gueule Tapée (16.7%) (p=0.001), but non-significant variation was noted according to animal age.

Conclusion:

The study showed that sheep reared in households have carried antibodies of T. gondii and N. caninum. The prevalence was high and it means that consumption of meat from these animals is risky if the meat is eaten undercooked.

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Most cited references 28

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Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum.

J Dubey, G Schares, L Ortega-Mora (2007)

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.

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Ovine toxoplasmosis.

David Buxton, Frank Katzer, Paul Bartley … (2009)

Congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of abortion in sheep worldwide. The cat is the definitive host of the parasite, and infected cats may shed millions of oocysts in their faeces resulting in extensive environmental contamination and an important source of infection for grazing herbivorous animals. Studies looking at development of specific antibodies in sheep, as an indicator of exposure to T. gondii, have shown that there is an increase in seroprevalence associated with age indicating that most infections in sheep occur following birth. The stage of gestation when transplacental transmission of T. gondii to the developing foetus occurs is critical in determining the clinical outcome. The importance of endogenous transplacental transmission in persistently infected ewes and its clinical importance is a subject of current debate. Ewes infected prior to mating develop immune responses that help protect against disease in a subsequent pregnancy and also against experimental challenge administered during pregnancy. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated following T. gondii infection and experiments involving the chronic cannulation of peripheral lymph nodes in sheep have allowed the dynamics of the immune responses to be analysed in real time. A live vaccine, Toxovax is the only commercially available vaccine worldwide to protect against congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Neospora caninum in humans: high seropositivity rates in patients who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus or have neurological disorders.

Tiago Mineo, Deise Silva, Deu J M Cruz … (2005)

Considering that little is known about the epidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in humans, particularly in populations with high Toxoplasma gondii infection rates, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to N. caninum in T. gondii-seropositive and -seronegative individuals. A total of 256 serum samples divided into four groups (61 samples from human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-positive patients, 50 samples from patients with neurological disorders, 91 samples from newborns, and 54 samples from healthy subjects) were assessed for N. caninum and T. gondii serologies by indirect fluorescent-antibody test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting (IB). Immunoglobulin G antibodies to N. caninum were predominantly detected in HIV-infected patients (38%) and patients with neurological disorders (18%), while newborns and healthy subjects showed lower seropositivity rates (5% and 6%, respectively). Seropositivity to N. caninum was significantly associated with seropositivity to T. gondii in both HIV-infected patients and patients with neurological disorders. Seroreactivity to N. caninum was confirmed by IB, with positive sera predominantly recognizing the 29-kDa antigen of N. caninum. The results of this study indicate the presence of N. caninum infection or exposure in humans, particularly in HIV-infected patients or patients with neurological disorders, who could have opportunistic and concurrent infections with T. gondii. These findings may bring a new concern for the unstable clinical health of HIV-infected patients and the actual role of N. caninum infection in immunocompromised patients.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet World

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet World

Title: Veterinary World

Publisher: Veterinary World (India )

ISSN (Print): 0972-8988

ISSN (Electronic): 2231-0916

Publication date (Print): July 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 15 July 2019

Volume: 12

Issue: 7

Pages: 1028-1032

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Animal Husbandry, Environmental Sciences and Rural Development Institute, University of Dedougou, P.O. Box 174, Dedougou, Burkina Faso

[2 ]Department of Public Health and Environment, Interstate school of Veterinary Science and Medicine, P.O Box 5077, Dakar, Senegal

[3 ]Department of Biological Sciences and Animal Production, Interstate School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine, P.O Box 5077, Dakar, Senegal

[4 ]Department of Animal Production, Environment and Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 8645, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

[5 ]Centre Muraz, P.O Box 390, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

[6 ]Department of Animal Production, Environment and Agricultural Research Institute, P.O Box 910, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Author notes

Corresponding author: Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou, e-mail: d_dahourou@ 123456yahoo.fr Co-authors: OBG: oubribassa@ 123456yahoo.fr , MS: savadogo.madi@ 123456yahoo.fr , BY: yougbernadette@ 123456hotmail.fr , AD: dicko22@ 123456gmail.com , AHBC: alima.combari@ 123456gmail.com , ARK: akwar2003@ 123456yahoo.fr

Article

Publisher ID: Vetworld-12-1028

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1028-1032

PMC ID: 6702564

SO-VID: 95f65430-3044-4395-9a03-40549bbb5f23

License:

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in households sheep “Elevage en case” in Dakar, Senegal

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Abstract

Aim:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Parasite

Most cited references 28

Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum.

Ovine toxoplasmosis.

Detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Neospora caninum in humans: high seropositivity rates in patients who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus or have neurological disorders.

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