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      Impacto psicosocial en personal sanitario víctima de agresiones por parte de la ciudadanía: una revisión sistemática Translated title: Psychosocial impact on health workers victims of citizens agressions: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Las agresiones en el ámbito sanitario son un problema creciente en la sociedad actual que pueden ocasionar patología que afecta a la esfera psíquica. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es conocer si los profesionales sanitarios que reciben agresiones de la ciudadanía acaban desarrollando problemas de carácter psicosocial. Métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada a partir de las bases de datos MEDLINE (mediante Pubmed), SCIELO (Scientific Electronis Library Online), Scopus, Web of Science y LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en CC de la Salud). La búsqueda de la ecuación fue realizada con los descriptores “Workplace violence”, “Aggression”, “Medical staff”, “Occupational stress”, “Psychosocial impact” y “Personnel burnout”. El único filtro que se utilizó fue el de “fecha de publicación”, tomando aquellos artículos a partir del año 2000. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 57 referencias de las cuales al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, dieron como resultado 13 artículos. Los artículos que se han utilizado tratan sobre la relación que puede existir entre las agresiones al personal sanitario y el impacto psicosocial que tienen en el mismo. Conclusiones: Las agresiones son un fenómeno muy prevalente en el mundo pero a pesar de ello, día de hoy no existen muchos estudios que investiguen la relación de los efectos psicosociales con las agresiones. Es por ello que creemos necesario que se hagan más estudio al respecto. Además, es necesario promover programas de prevención de agresiones entre el sanitario para disminuir la incidencia, así como campañas para la población.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Aggressions towards health workers are a growing problem of nowadays society that could lead to patologies in the psychic sphere. Objective: The goal of this review is to find out whether health-workers who have suffered aggressions from the citicenship end up developing any psycho-social impact or not. Methods: A review was performed on the documentation indexed in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (through Pubmed), SCIELO (Scientific Electronis Library Online), Scopus, Web of science and LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en CC de la Salud). The equation search was realized by means of the using of the descriptors “Workplace violence”, “Aggression”, “Medical staff”, “Occupational stress”, “Psychosocial impact” and “Personnel burnout”. The only filter we used was “year of publication”, choosing those articles that were published after 2000. Results: 57 references were retrieved at first, from these, 13 articles could be obtained after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles talk about the relation between aggressions to health care workers and the possible psychosocial impact that could lead. Conclusions: Aggressions are a very prevalent phenomenon all over the world, in spite of that, there aren´t too many studies that try to link psychosocial effects with aggressions. That´s why we believe that more studies are needed. In addition, we need to promote prevention programs for health workers so as to decrease the incidence, as well as campaigns for the citizenship.

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          Most cited references59

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          The aftermath of workplace violence among healthcare workers: A systematic literature review of the consequences

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            Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying, and sexual harassment: a quantitative review.

            This paper provides a quantitative review that estimates exposure rates by type of violence, setting, source, and world region.
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              Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes.

              To relate nurses' self-rated perceptions of violence (emotional abuse, threat, or actual violence) on medical-surgical units to the nursing working environment and to patient outcomes. Cross-sectional collection of data by surveys and primary data collection for 1-week periods on 94 nursing wards in 21 hospitals in two states of Australia. Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R); Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS) PRN-80 (a measure of patient acuity); and a nursing survey with three questions on workplace violence; combined with primary data collection for staffing, skill mix, and patient outcomes (falls, medication errors). About one third of nurses participating (N=2,487, 80.3% response rate) perceived emotional abuse during the last five shifts worked. Reports of threats (14%) or actual violence (20%) were lower, but there was great variation among nursing units with some unit rates as high as 65%. Reported violence was associated with increased ward instability (lack of leadership; difficult MD and RN relationships). Violence was associated with unit operations: unanticipated changes in patient mix; proportion of patients awaiting placement; the discrepancy between nursing resources required from acuity measurement and those supplied; more tasks delayed; and increases in medication errors. Higher skill mix (percentage of registered nurses) and percentage of nurses with a bachelor of science in nursing degrees were associated with fewer reported perceptions of violence at the ward level. Intent to leave the present position was associated with perceptions of emotional violence but not with threat or actual assault. Violence is a fact of working life for nurses. Perceptions of violence were related to adverse patient outcomes through unstable or negative qualities of the working environment. Perceptions of violence affect job satisfaction. In order to manage effectively the delivery of nursing care in hospitals, it is essential to understand the complexity of the nursing work environment, including the relationship of violence to patient outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mesetra
                Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo
                Med. segur. trab.
                Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0465-546X
                1989-7790
                June 2020
                : 66
                : 259
                : 100-111
                Affiliations
                [1] Galdácano orgnameUnidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Euskadi España
                [2] Getafe orgnameUnidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Madrid España
                [3] Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgnameUnidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Canarias España
                Article
                S0465-546X2020000200100 S0465-546X(20)06625900100
                961dcfa5-6429-4e07-b7ea-330fe9a9ccdf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 April 2020
                : 01 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisión Sistemática

                psychosocial impact,Workplace violence,Violencia laboral,agresión y estrés,impacto psicosocial,aggression and stress,personal médico,health care workers

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