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      Mental health and physical inactivity during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study nested in the BRISA cohort study Translated title: La salud mental y la inactividad física durante el embarazo: estudio transversal anidado en la cohorte BRISA Translated title: Saúde mental e inatividade física durante a gestação: estudo transversal aninhado no estudo de coorte BRISA

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mental health and physical inactivity in 1,447 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Subjects answered the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, and stress levels were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. The rate of physical inactivity was low (39.8%). The prevalence rates of symptoms of severe depression and severe levels of anxiety were 28.8% and 16.9%, respectively. The average perceived stress score was 24.9. An association was found between physical inactivity and not living with a partner (OR = 1.28), having a manual occupation (OR = 0.71) and, unexpectedly, normal and low levels of anxiety (OR = 1.46 and OR = 1.44, respectively). No association was observed between physical inactivity and symptoms of severe depression and perceived stress. It is plausible to assume that the majority of physical activity practiced by these women was attributable to housework or occupation which may in turn be associated with high levels of anxiety.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la salud mental y la inactividad física en 1.447 mujeres, durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo, que respondieron al Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física -versión corta, la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, la Escala de Ansiedad de Beck y la Escala de Estrés Percibido. La tasa de inactividad fue baja (39,8%), síntomas depresivos graves estaban presentes en un 28,8% de la muestra y el nivel de ansiedad intensa en un 16,9%. La puntuación media de estrés percibido fue de 24,9. No vivir en pareja (RP = 1,28), función manual de trabajo (RP = 0,71) y, contrariamente a lo esperado, nivel de ansiedad leve (PR = 1,46) y mínimo (PR = 1,44) mostraron asociación con la inactividad física. No fue encontrada ninguna asociación entre el estrés percibido y los síntomas de la depresión con la inactividad física. Es posible que en las mujeres de la muestra una porción significativa de la actividad física esté relacionada a las actividades domésticas o de empleo, que podrían estar asociadas con mayores niveles de ansiedad.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre indicadores de saúde mental e a inatividade física em amostra com 1.447 mulheres no 2º trimestre gestacional, que responderam ao Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - versão curta, à Escala de Rastreamento Populacional para Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos, à Escala de Ansiedade de Beck e à Escala de Estresse Percebido. A taxa de inatividade física foi baixa (39,8%), sintomas depressivos graves estiverem presentes em 28,8% da amostra e nível de ansiedade intensa em 16,9%. O escore médio de estresse percebido foi de 24,9. Não residir com companheiro (RP = 1,28), função ocupacional manual (RP = 0,71) e, ao contrário do esperado, níveis de ansiedade normal (RP = 1,46) e leve (RP = 1,44) apresentaram associação com a inatividade física. Não houve associação entre estresse e sintomas de depressão com a inatividade física. É possível que nas mulheres desta amostra uma parcela importante da atividade física esteja ligada a atividades domésticas ou laborais, que poderiam estar associadas a maiores níveis de ansiedade.

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          Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review.

          Current estimates of the prevalence of depression during pregnancy vary widely. A more precise estimate is required to identify the level of disease burden and develop strategies for managing depressive disorders. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression during pregnancy by trimester, as detected by validated screening instruments (ie, Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score) and structured interviews, and to compare the rates among instruments. Observational studies and surveys were searched in MEDLINE from 1966, CINAHL from 1982, EMBASE from 1980, and HealthSTAR from 1975. A validated study selection/data extraction form detailed acceptance criteria. Numbers and percentages of depressed patients, by weeks of gestation or trimester, were reported. Two reviewers independently extracted data; a third party resolved disagreement. Two raters assessed quality by using a 12-point checklist. A random effects meta-analytic model produced point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was examined with the chi(2) test (no systematic bias detected). Funnel plots and Begg-Mazumdar test were used to assess publication bias (none found). Of 714 articles identified, 21 (19,284 patients) met the study criteria. Quality scores averaged 62%. Prevalence rates (95% CIs) were 7.4% (2.2, 12.6), 12.8% (10.7, 14.8), and 12.0% (7.4, 16.7) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Structured interviews found lower rates than the Beck Depression Inventory but not the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Rates of depression, especially during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, are substantial. Clinical and economic studies to estimate maternal and fetal consequences are needed.
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            The global burden of mental disorders: An update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys

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              Maternal psychological stress and distress as predictors of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation.

              To evaluate: (1) the associations between maternal psychological stress, distress and low birth weight (LBW), prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); (2) the interactions between maternal stress, distress and smoking, alcohol and coffee intake; (3) the prevalences of stress and distress in pregnancy. Longitudinal cohort study. Jundiaí city, São Paulo state, Brazil. A total of 865 pregnant women who attended antenatal care between September 1997 and August 2000. Measures of stress and distress were obtained, by interview, three times in pregnancy: at a gestational age (GA) lower than 16 weeks, from 20 to 26 weeks and from 30 to 36 weeks. Stress was investigated by the perceived stress scale, PSS, and distress by both the general health questionnaire, GHQ, and the State Trait Anxiety inventories, STAI. The outcomes were: LBW (birth weight <2500 g), prematurity (gestational age (GA) at birth <37 weeks) and IUGR (birth weight for GA
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                August 2013
                : 29
                : 8
                : 1583-1594
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Maranhão Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2013000800011
                10.1590/0102-311X00115112
                96365342-a506-4487-a3f4-4b20a77a84a3

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Mental Health,Motor Activity,Pregnancy,Salud Mental,Actividad Motora,Embarazo,Saúde Mental,Atividade Motora,Gravidez

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