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      Promoción de la salud en el lugar de trabajo. Hábitos de vida saludable y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de ámbito sanitario en atención primaria Translated title: Workplace health promotion. Healthy lifestyles and cardiovascular risk factors in healthcare workers in primary care.

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Existen pocos estudios referentes al estilo de vida saludable de trabajadores del ámbito sanitario. Este estudio analiza la relación entre estilo de vida y estado de salud de trabajadores del ámbito sanitario, determinando su adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM), grado de actividad física, prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal sobre 262 trabajadores (64% mujeres) de un distrito sanitario andaluz. Se analizó la adherencia mediterránea mediante el cuestionario de Trichopoulou Modificado y la actividad física mediante el cuestionario de Baecke. Se estudiaron FRCV, el riesgo de SM (criterios de ATP III modificado 2005) y Score adaptado a población española. Resultados: Los FRCV fueron más desfavorables en los hombres aunque realizaban más actividad física. Las mujeres presentaron mayor adherencia a DM. La prevalencia de SM fue del 18,7%, significativamente más elevada (p=0,001) en hombres (31,9%) que en mujeres (12,1%) y en profesionales no sanitarios (35,3%) que en sanitarios (16,7%) (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los trabajadores presentan un alto grado de adherencia a DM y a realización de actividad física con mayor prevalencia de SM en hombres. La regresión logística con variables independientes no incluidas en los criterios de definición de SM de ATP III modificado 2005, nos indica que tienen una asociación con el SM, existiendo un mayor riesgo de padecer éste en base a la profesión desempeñada, IMC, edad y nivel de leucocitos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT. Introduction: There are few studies concerning the healthy lifestyle of workers in the health field. This study analyzes the relationship between lifestyle and health of workers in the health field, determining their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (DM), degree of physical activity, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Methods: Cross- sectional study of 262 workers (64 % female) of an Andalusian health district. Mediterranean adhesion was tested by the modified Trichopoulou questionnaire and physical activity by the Baecke questionnaire. We studied cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of MS (ATP III criteria modified 2005) and score adapted to Spanish population. Results: CVRF were worst in men but performed more physical activity. Women had greater adherence to DM. The prevalence of MS was 18.7 %, significantly higher (p = 0.001) in men (31.9 %) than females (12.1 %) and non-health professionals (35.3 %) than in health (16.7 %) (p < 0.05 ). Conclusions: The workers have a high degree of adherence to DM and performing physical activity with higher prevalence of MS in men. Logistic regression with independent variables not included in the definition criteria ATP III modified SM, indicates that they have a partnership with the SM, There is an increased risk of developing it based on the role profession, BMI, age and level of leukocytes.

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          The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recently proposed a simple definition for metabolic syndrome. Information on the prospective association of this definition for coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes is currently limited. We used a modified NCEP definition with body mass index in place of waist circumference. Baseline assessments in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study were available for 6447 men to predict CHD risk and for 5974 men to predict incident diabetes over 4.9 years of follow-up. Mean LDL cholesterol was similar but C-reactive protein was higher (P<0.0001) in the 26% of men with the syndrome compared with those without. Metabolic syndrome increased the risk for a CHD event [univariate hazard ratio (HR)=1.76 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.15)] and for diabetes [univariate HR=3.50 (95% CI 2.51 to 4.90)]. Metabolic syndrome continued to predict CHD events (HR=1.30, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.67, P=0.045) in a multivariate model incorporating conventional risk factors. Men with 4 or 5 features of the syndrome had a 3.7-fold increase in risk for CHD and a 24.5-fold increase for diabetes compared with men with none (both P<0.0001). C-reactive protein enhanced prognostic information for both outcomes. With pravastatin, men with the syndrome had similar risk reduction for CHD as compared with those without (HR, 0.73 and 0.69; pravastatin versus placebo). A modified NCEP metabolic syndrome definition predicts CHD events, and, more strikingly, new-onset diabetes, and thus helps identify individuals who may receive particular benefit from lifestyle measures to prevent these diseases.
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            To assess the influence of a specific dietary pattern on overall survival. Cohort study. Three rural Greek villages, the data from which were collected as part of an international cross cultural study of food habits in later life. 182 elderly residents of the three villages. Overall mortality. Diet was assessed with a validated extensive semiquantitative questionnaire on food intake. A one unit increase in diet score, devised a priori on the basis of eight component characteristics of the traditional common diet in the Mediterranean region, was associated with a significant 17% reduction in overall mortality (95% confidence interval 1% to 31%). A diet meeting currently understood health criteria does predict survival among people.
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              Emergency responders should be fit to safely perform strenuous duties. In particular, young recruits are expected to be at or near peak career fitness. We studied the prevalence and health associations of excess weight among 370 consecutive emergency responder candidates for fire and ambulance services in Massachusetts. The mean age and BMI of the recruits were 26.3 (3.8) years and 28.5 (4.9) kg/m(2), respectively. Seventy-seven percent had BMI >or=25 kg/m(2), and 33% were obese (BMI >or=30 kg/m(2)). After multivariate adjustment, both higher BMI categories and unit increases in BMI were significantly associated with higher blood pressures, worse metabolic profiles, and lower exercise tolerance. Excess weight is highly prevalent and associated with elevated cardiovascular risk among future emergency responders. These findings in a population expected to perform demanding duties supporting public safety merit prompt public health intervention.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                2017
                : 26
                : 1
                : 9-21
                Affiliations
                [5] Córdoba orgnameServicio Andaluz de Salud orgdiv1Distrito Sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir orgdiv2Unidad de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales UPRL1.3 España
                [4] Córdoba orgnameAyuntamiento de Córdoba España
                [1] Córdoba orgnameServicio Andaluz de Salud orgdiv1Distrito Sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir orgdiv2Unidad de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales UPRL1.3 España
                [2] Córdoba orgnameServicio Andaluz de Salud orgdiv1Distrito Sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir orgdiv2Unidad de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales UPRL1.3 España
                [6] Córdoba Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnologías de los alimentos Spain
                [3] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba. Spain
                Article
                S1132-62552017000100002
                9657e485-1964-43a4-ada8-86c8f93f9f97

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 27 February 2016
                : 04 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Síndrome metabólico,Trabajadores sanitarios,Dieta mediterránea,Actividad física,Factores de riesgo cardiovascular,Metabolic syndrome,Healthcare workers,Mediterranean diet,Physical activity,Cardiovascular risk factors

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